| Variables |
Univariate COX analysis |
|
Multivariate COX analysis |
| HR (95% CIs) |
P value |
|
HR (95% CIs) |
P value |
| Gender, male |
2.00 (1.08-3.69) |
0.027 |
|
- |
- |
| Age, per year increment |
1.10 (1.07-1.13) |
<0.001 |
|
1.05 (1.01-1.09) |
0.003 |
| Severity at admission, per rank |
8.50 (5.37-13.53) |
<0.001 |
|
2.91 (1.71-4.97) |
<0.001 |
| Respiratory rate (times), ≥30 |
7.59 (3.29-17.50) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Symptoms |
|
|
|
|
|
| Fever |
4.25 (1.03-17.56) |
0.045 |
|
- |
- |
| Cough |
1.54 (0.60-3.96) |
0.371 |
|
- |
- |
| Fatigue |
1.24 (0.60-2.57) |
0.561 |
|
- |
- |
| Anorexia |
1.71 (0.78-3.78) |
0.183 |
|
- |
- |
| Short breath |
1.84 (0.97-3.49) |
0.064 |
|
- |
- |
| Myalgia |
1.17 (0.61-2.25) |
0.628 |
|
- |
- |
| Chest tight |
1.37 (0.71-2.62) |
0.346 |
|
- |
- |
| Expectoration |
0.83 (0.36-1.89) |
0.651 |
|
- |
- |
| Diarrhea |
0.61 (0.15-2.54) |
0.495 |
|
- |
- |
| Dyspnea |
5.59 (3.01-10.39) |
<0.001 |
|
2.18 (1.11-4.27) |
0.023 |
| Sore throat |
1.39 (0.33-5.78) |
0.652 |
|
- |
- |
| Nausea |
2.29 (0.70-7.46) |
0.171 |
|
- |
- |
| Vomiting |
1.74 (0.42-7.23) |
0.448 |
|
- |
- |
| Chest pain |
0.87 (0.12-6.38) |
0.891 |
|
- |
- |
| Dizziness |
1.80 (0.44-7.45) |
0.417 |
|
- |
- |
| Coexisting disorders |
|
|
|
|
|
| Hypertension |
3.14 (1.74-5.68) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Diabetes |
1.80 (0.95-3.42) |
0.074 |
|
- |
- |
| Coronary heart disease |
4.92 (2.55-9.49) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Cardiovascular disease |
8.87 (4.99-15.77) |
<0.001 |
|
3.25 (1.71-6.17) |
<0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease |
4.44 (1.97-10.00) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Tumor |
0.60 (0.08-4.42) |
0.618 |
|
- |
- |
| Bronchitis |
1.00 (0.14-7.33) |
0.996 |
|
- |
- |
| COPD |
5.17 (1.25-21.39) |
0.023 |
|
- |
- |
| Respiratory disease |
2.20 (0.68-7.19) |
0.190 |
|
- |
- |
| Chronic kidney disease |
5.06 (2.14-11.97) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Chronic liver disease |
2.38 (1.11-5.14) |
0.027 |
|
- |
- |
| Laboratory findings |
|
|
|
|
|
| White-cell count (×109/L) |
|
|
|
|
|
| <4 |
Referent |
|
|
|
|
| 4-10 |
0.78 (0.30-2.04) |
0.611 |
|
- |
- |
| ≥10 |
4.42 (1.58-12.33) |
0.005 |
|
- |
- |
| Neutrophil count (×109/L) |
|
|
|
|
|
| <1.8 |
Referent |
|
|
- |
- |
| 2.8-3.6 |
0.30 (0.06-1.54) |
0.149 |
|
- |
- |
| ≥3.6 |
1.60 (0.38-6.70) |
0.518 |
|
- |
- |
| Lymphocyte count, <1.5×109/L |
5.84 (2.08-16.43) |
0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Monocyte count, ≥0.6 ×109/L |
1.28 (0.65-2.54) |
0.473 |
|
- |
- |
| Platelet count <150 ×109/L |
4.46 (2.49-8.02) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| C-reactive protein, >10mg/l |
12.34 (4.84-31.51) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| D-dimer, ≥0.5 mg/L |
11.29 (3.48-36.63) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Alanine aminotransferase, >40 U/L |
1.46 (0.79-2.69) |
0.225 |
|
- |
- |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, >40 U/L |
3.18 (1.70-5.97) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Albumin, <40 g/L |
7.34 (1.00-53.66) |
0.049 |
|
- |
- |
| Total bilirubin, >17.1 μmol/L |
4.50 (2.40-8.43) |
<0.001 |
|
2.25 (1.18-4.30) |
0.014 |
| Blood glucose, >6.1 mmol/L |
5.98 (3.25-10.99) |
<0.001 |
|
2.56 (1.34-4.90) |
0.004 |
| Urea, >7.5 mmol/L |
9.93 (5.50-17.95) |
<0.001 |
|
2.14 (1.15-3.97) |
0.016 |
| Creatinine, ≥133 μmol/L |
4.50 (1.38-14.67) |
0.012 |
|
- |
- |
| Alkaline phosphatase, >135 U/L |
4.15 (1.88-9.17) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, >45 U/L |
2.46 (1.08-5.60) |
0.032 |
|
- |
- |
| Creatine kinase, ≥200 U/L |
5.92 (2.64-13.29) |
<0.001 |
|
- |
- |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, ≥250 U/L |
23.11 (9.05-58.98) |
<0.001 |
|
4.53 (1.62-12.63) |
0.004 |
