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. 2021 Feb 11;13(3):3254–3268. doi: 10.18632/aging.202591

Table 5. Cox model examining all sleep disturbance characteristic and incident dementia (Model A) and all-cause mortality (Model B) (N = 2,812), adjusting for covariates.

Model A
Incident Dementiaa
Model B
All-Cause Mortalityb
HR P-Value Lower Upper HR P-value Lower Upper
Difficulty with Alertness
Never/Rarely
Some Days 1.14 0.427 0.83 1.57 1.42 0.022 1.05 1.92
Most Days/Every Day 1.08 0.730 0.70 1.67 1.57 0.026 1.05 2.33
Nap Frequency
Never/Rarely
Some Days 1.04 0.818 0.75 1.45 1.14 0.416 0.83 1.57
Most Days/Every Day 0.99 0.954 0.70 1.41 1.34 0.080 0.97 1.87
Sleep Latency
<15 minutes
15-30 minutes 1.21 0.230 0.88 1.66 1.21 0.198 0.90 1.63
>30 minutes 1.44 0.056 0.99 2.10 0.98 0.901 0.67 1.43
Sleep Quality
Good/Very Good
Fair 0.76 0.148 0.53 1.10 1.05 0.766 0.76 1.46
Poor/Very Poor 0.82 0.477 0.47 1.42 1.28 0.348 0.77 2.13
Sleep Duration
7-8hours
≤5 hours 2.62 0.001 1.48 4.64 2.07 0.016 1.15 3.74
6-7 hours 0.92 0.624 0.65 1.30 1.06 0.737 0.77 1.45
≥9 hours 1.06 0.779 0.71 1.57 1.23 0.330 0.81 1.87
Snoringc
Never/Rarely
Some /Most /Every Night 1.67 0.050 1.00 2.80 1.27 0.368 0.75 2.15

Notes: bold indicates significance at the p<0.05 level. aAdjusted models control for demographic characteristics, including age, marital status, race, education, health conditions, and body weight. bAdjusted models control for demographic characteristics, including age, marital status, race, education, health conditions, body weight, and incident dementia. cDue to a small sample size in “Most/Every Night,” the comparison conditions “Some,” Most Nights,” and “Every Night” were combined as the exposure for snoring.