. 2021 Feb 15;6(1):43–50. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2020.0031

Table 3.

Univariate and Multivariate Associations Between Study Variables and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Variable	n^a	NSSI %	Unadjusted model (N=185)		Adjusted model (N=183)
Variable	n^a	NSSI %	OR (95% CI)	p	OR (95% CI)	p
Age (years)^a
<14	66	39.4	1.00	—
15–17	49	30.6	0.68 (0.31–1.49)	0.332
18–25	70	38.6	0.97 (0.49–1.93)	0.922
Assigned sex at birth^b
Male	53	17.0	1.00	—	1.00	—
Female	131	44.3	3.88 (1.75–8.61)	<0.001	4.56 (1.80–11.52)	0.001
Gender identity^c
Transfeminine spectrum	49	18.4	1.00	—
Transmasculine spectrum	127	42.5	3.29 (1.47–7.35)	0.004
Race
White or Caucasian	162	36.4	1.00	—
Non-White	19	31.6	0.81 (0.29–2.23)	0.678
Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic or Latino	156	35.9	1.00	—
Hispanic or Latino	14	50.0	1.78 (0.60–5.35)	0.301
Socially transitioned^d
No	19	21.1	1.00	—
Yes	160	38.1	2.31 (0.73–7.28)	0.153
Medically transitioning^e
No	26	23.1	1.00	—
Yes	159	39.0	2.13 (0.81–5.60)	0.125
Rural zip code residence^f
No	98	31.6	1.00	—
Yes	87	42.5	1.60 (0.88–2.92)	0.126
Nonmetro county residence^g
No	146	35.6	1.00	—
Yes	39	41.0	1.26 (0.61–2.59)	0.534
History of anxiety
No	107	30.8	1.00	—
Yes	78	44.9	1.83 (1.00–3.35)	0.052
History of mood disorder
No	72	15.3	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	113	50.4	5.64 (2.69–11.83)	<0.001	3.68 (1.54–8.79)	0.003
History of suicidal ideation or attempt
No	98	16.3	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	87	59.8	7.61 (3.83–15.12)	<0.001	5.59 (2.62–11.93)	<0.001
History of abuse^h
No	118	30.5	1.00	—	1.00	—
Yes	66	47.0	2.02 (1.08–3.76)	0.027	0.99 (0.46–2.13)	0.975

^{^a}

Age reflects subject age at the most recent clinic visit (the last visit captured in the registry).

^{^b}

One intersex patient was excluded from both the univariate and multivariate analyses.

^{^c}

NB/GNC youth were excluded from the gender identity variable due to the small sample of youth represented in this gender identity subcategory (n=9), which resulted in unstable ORs. The gender identity variable was ultimately excluded from the multivariate, adjusted model due to a high degree of collinearity with the variable assigned sex at birth.

^{^d}

Social transition was defined as presenting as one's affirmed gender at home and/or in public spaces, including school and the workplace (i.e., through dress and use of preferred pronouns and name).

^{^e}

Medical transition was defined as lifetime or current use of GnRH analogs and/or GAHT, and/or history of gender-affirming surgery.

^{^f}

Zip code with a population <10,000.³³

^{^g}

County that includes some combination of open countryside, rural towns (<2500 people), and urban areas with populations <50,000 that are not part of larger metropolitan areas.³³

^{^h}

History of abuse included any history of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse or bullying/victimization.

CI, confidence interval; GNC, gender nonconforming; NB, nonbinary; OR, odds ratio.