Table 2.
Bivariate and Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis of Transgender Women Willingness to Use Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (n=361)
| Variable | Bivariate analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | SE | 95% CI | p | B | SE | 95% CI | p | |
| Age (mean, SD) | −0.03 | 0.01 | (−0.04 to −0.02) | <0.001 | −0.02 | 0.01 | (−0.03 to −0.01) | 0.002 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Malay | 0.25 | 0.13 | (−0.01 to 0.51) | 0.062 | ||||
| Indian | −0.32 | 0.17 | (−0.65 to 0.02) | 0.064 | ||||
| Chinese | −1.38 | 0.37 | (−2.10 to −0.66) | <0.001 | −1.08 | 0.35 | (−1.76 to −0.39) | 0.002 |
| Income ≥MYR 1000 per month | 0.27 | 0.17 | (−0.06 to 0.60) | 0.108 | ||||
| High school education or higher | 0.38 | 0.12 | (0.13 to 0.62) | 0.003 | 0.28 | 0.13 | (0.03 to 0.53) | 0.026 |
| Single | 0.04 | 0.12 | (−0.20 to 0.29) | 0.743 | ||||
| Living in stable housing | 0.36 | 0.07 | (−0.16 to 0.89) | 0.175 | ||||
| Sexual risk behaviors | ||||||||
| Sex work (last 6 months) | 0.21 | 0.13 | (−0.05 to 0.47) | 0.115 | ||||
| Sex work clients per day in last month (mean, SD) | 0.03 | 0.01 | (0.01 to 0.05) | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.01 | (−0.01 to 0.03) | 0.281 |
| Solicited sex work clients via mobile app | 0.27 | 0.12 | (0.04 to 0.50) | 0.024 | 0.10 | 0.11 | (−0.12 to 0.32) | 0.377 |
| Condomless sex with casual partner(s) (last 6 months) | −0.07 | 0.13 | (−0.34 to 0.20) | 0.626 | ||||
| Condomless sex with primary partner (last 6 months) | 0.03 | 0.13 | (−0.24 to 0.29) | 0.841 | ||||
| Sexual and general health | ||||||||
| Previous STI diagnosis (ever) | −0.04 | 0.20 | (0.42 to 0.35) | 0.854 | ||||
| HIV tested in last 12 months | 0.16 | 0.12 | (−0.07 to 0.38) | 0.167 | ||||
| Used HT (last 90 days) | 0.28 | 0.12 | (0.06 to 0.51) | 0.014 | ||||
| Used HT (lifetime) | 0.64 | 0.22 | (0.22 to 1.06) | 0.003 | 0.49 | 0.20 | (0.09 to 0.89) | 0.016 |
| Seen by a doctor in last 12 months | 0.34 | 0.16 | (0.02 to 0.66) | 0.037 | 0.21 | 0.15 | (−0.10 to 0.51) | 0.182 |
| Current depressive symptoms | 0.11 | 0.12 | (−0.12 to 0.34) | 0.338 | ||||
| Drug and alcohol use | ||||||||
| ATS use (last 30 days) | −0.52 | 0.20 | (−0.91 to −0.13) | 0.010 | −0.32 | 0.19 | (−0.69 to 0.05) | 0.092 |
| Alcohol use (last 30 days) | 0.20 | 0.15 | (−0.10 to 0.50) | 0.194 | ||||
| Drug injection behavior (lifetime) | −1.17 | 0.35 | (−1.85 to −0.48) | 0.001 | −0.69 | 0.33 | (−1.34 to −0.03) | 0.041 |
| Criminal justice history | ||||||||
| Previously in lockup/jail (lifetime) | −0.18 | 0.12 | (−0.41 to 0.06) | 0.145 | ||||
| Previously in prison (lifetime) | −0.04 | 0.14 | (−0.62 to −0.07) | 0.015 | ||||
| Multiple times in lockup | −0.21 | 0.14 | (−0.48 to 0.07) | 0.137 | ||||
| Multiple times in prison | −0.68 | 0.19 | (−1.05 to −0.31) | 0.001 | −0.27 | 0.19 | (−0.64 to 0.11) | 0.166 |
| Physical and sexual trauma | ||||||||
| Childhood physical assault | −0.11 | 0.12 | (−0.35 to 0.13) | 0.354 | ||||
| Childhood sexual assault | −0.16 | 0.12 | (−0.39 to 0.08) | 0.186 | ||||
| Adulthood physical assault | −0.32 | 0.19 | (−0.68 to 0.05) | 0.086 | ||||
| Adulthood sexual assault | −0.10 | 0.14 | (−0.38 to 0.18) | 0.477 | ||||
| PrEP and PEP | ||||||||
| Meets WHO criteria for PrEP | 0.17 | 0.15 | (−0.12 to 0.46) | 0.256 | ||||
| Previously heard of PrEP | −0.38 | 0.14 | (−0.66 to −0.10) | 0.009 | −0.25 | 0.13 | (−0.51 to 0.02) | 0.066 |
| Willing to pay for PrEP | 1.55 | 0.18 | (1.21 to 1.90) | <0.001 | ||||
| Prefer using private doctor for PrEP | −0.13 | 0.13 | (−0.38 to 0.12) | 0.312 | ||||
| Amount willing to pay for PrEP each month (MYR) (mean, SD) | 0.01 | 0.01 | (0.01 to 0.01) | 0.015 | 0.01 | 0.01 | (0.01 to 0.01) | 0.116 |
| Previously used PEP | 0.27 | 0.14 | (0.01 to 0.55) | 0.050 | 0.25 | 0.13 | (−0.01 to 0.51) | 0.054 |
| PrEP-related concerns | ||||||||
| Cost | 0.25 | 0.12 | (0.02 to 0.49) | 0.036 | 0.19 | 0.12 | (−0.04 to 0.42) | 0.108 |
| Efficacy | −0.03 | 0.13 | (−0.27 to 0.22) | 0.832 | ||||
| Side effects | 0.22 | 0.12 | (−0.02 to 0.45) | 0.068 | ||||
Bold p-values indicate statistical significance at p<0.05.
B, unstandardized beta; CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error.