Table 1. Studies on associations between Blastocystis and gut microbiota compositions.
| Subtype | Method | Gut microbiota composition shifta | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blastocystis (ST1-4 and 6) | Metagenomics | INC bacterial richness; Blastocystis mainly found in individuals with Prevotella and Ruminococcus enterotypes | [16] |
| Blastocystis | Real-time PCR | INC in Prevotella and DEC Bacteroides and clostridial cluster XIVa | [17] |
| Blastocystis | Amplicon-based NGS | INC bacterial diversity; INC in Clostridia and Mollicutes (classes), DEC in Bacilli (class); INC in Clostridiales (order), DEC in Lactobacillales (order); INC in Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae (families), DEC in Enterococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae (families) | [18] |
| Blastocystis | Metagenomics | INC in Clostridiales, Firmicutes, and archaeal organisms (Methanobrevibacter smithii); DEC in Bacteroides and Proteobateria | [19] |
| Blastocystis (ST1-8) | Amplicon-based NGS | Not significant | [20] |
| Blastocystis (ST1-4, 8) | Metagenomics | INC Sporolactobacillus and Candidatus carsonella; DEC in Bacteroides | [21] |
| Blastocystis (ST2-3) | Amplicon-based NGS | INC bacterial richness; INC in Prevotella copri, Ruminoccoccus bromii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Mucor mucedo, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor racemosus, and Issatchenkia terricola; DEC in Hymenolepis nana | [22] |
| Blastocystis (ST1-4, 7, 8) | Amplicon-based NGS | INC bacterial diversity and richness; DEC prevalent in Bacteroides enterotyped samples; ST4 was more prevalent in Ruminococcaceae enterotyped samples and associated with Akkermansia; ST3 is inverse | [11] |
| Blastocystis (ST7) | Real-time PCR | DEC in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium | [6] |
| Blastocystis (ST1-4) | Real-time PCR | DEC in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in males; DEC in Bifidobacterium sp. in males with IBS type C | [23] |
| Blastocystis | Real-time PCR | INC in F. prausnitzii/Escherichia coli ratio | [24] |
| Blastocystis | Amplicon-based NGS | INC bacterial diversity; INC in Firmicutes, Elusimicrobia, Lentisphaerae, and Euryarchaeota (phylum); INC in F. prausnitzii and Roseburia sp.; DEC in Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, unassigned bacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus | [10] |
| Blastocystis | Amplicon-based NGS | INC bacterial diversity; INC in Clostridiales vadin BB60; DEC in Bacteroidaceae and Escherichia–Shigella | [9] |
| Blastocystis (ST1-4, 7) | Amplicon-based NGS | INC bacterial diversity; INC in Prevotella, Methanobrevibacter, and Ruminococcus; DEC in Bacteroides | [25] |
a Comparison of individuals that were Blastocystis positive with individuals that were Blastocystis negative.
DEC, decrease; INC, increase; NGS, next-generation sequencing.