Table 1. Summary of marker genes and quantitive methods of phytohormones in plant–virus interactions.

Phytohormones	Responsive marker genesa	Quantitive methods	Reference(s)
SA	PR1, PR2, PR5	GCb–MSc, LCd–MS	[6,88]
JA	PDF1.2, PR3	GC–MS, LC–MS	[6,88,108]
ET	ERF1, ETR1	GC	[9,10]
GAs	GAMYB	GC–MS, LC–MS, ELISA	[15,85,87,88]
ABA	ABF1/2/3/4	UPLCe-MS/MS, GC–MS, ELISA	[41,42,55,56,88]
Auxin	IAA1/5/19, GH3.3	GC–MS, LC–MS	[14,81,88]
CKs	Type-A ARRs	LC–MS	[16,81,87,92,93]
BRs	BES1/BZR1	GC–MS, LC–MS/MS	[101,108]

a These genes are Arabidopsis or rice-derived, plant species and organ should be taken into consideration in marker gene selection.

b GC, gas chromatography.

c MS, mass spectrometry.

d LC, high performance liquid chromatography.

e UPLC, ultra performance liquid chromatography.

ABA, abscisic acid; BR, brassinosteroid; CK, cytokinin; ET, ethylene; GA, gibberellic acid; JA, jasmonic acid; SA, salicylic acid.