Table 2. Inclusion and exclusion criteria and used intervention in studies on renal function.

Study	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria	Severity of HIE in participants (n, %)			Intervention				Control
			Mild	Moderate	Severe	N	Cooling type	Target temperature (°C)	Period	N
Akisu et al. [16]	5-min Apgar score ≤6; severe acidosis; neurologic findings of encephalopathy	Metabolic disorders; congenital malformations; chromosomal abnormalities; congenital infection; transitory drug depression	3 (14%)	12 (57%)	6 (29%)	11	Head plus minimal systemic	Ear 33.5–33	72 h	10
								Rectal 36.5–36
Eicher et al. [17]	Birthweight >2000g; one clinical indication of hypoxic-ischemic injury; two neurologic findings of neonatal encephalopathy	Maternal chorioamnionitis; sepsis at birth; birth weight or head circumference <10%; presumed chromosomal abnormality	2 (3%)	10 (16%)	50 (81%)	32	Whole body	Rectal 33.5	48 h	33
Gluckman et al. [18]	10-minute Apgar score ≤5; continued need for resuscitation; severe acidosis; moderate to severe encephalopathy	Use of anticonvulsants; major congenital abnormalities; head trauma causing major intracranial hemorrhage; severe growth restriction; birthweight <1800g; head circumference <-2 SD; critically ill infants	0	ND	ND	116	Head plus mild systemic	Rectal 34–35	72 h	118
Gunn et al. [19]	Severe acidosis; 5-minute Apgar score ≤6; evidence of encephalopathy	Obvious major congenital abnormalities; metabolic diseases	0	ND	ND	12	Head plus either minimal systemic (n = 6) or mild systemic (n = 6)	Minimal: rectal 36.3	72 h	10
								Mild: rectal 35.7
Roka et al. [5]	10-minute Apgar score ≤5; continued need for resuscitation at 10min; severe acidosis; moderate to severe encephalopathy; abnormal aEEG	Congenital malformations; suspected metabolic disorders	ND	ND	ND	12	Whole body	Rectal 33–34	72 h	9
Shankaran et al. [20]	Either severe acidosis or acute perinatal event and 10-minute Apgar score ≤5 or assisted ventilation; moderate or severe encephalopathy	Major congenital abnormality; birth weight of ≤1800 g; moribund infants	0	135 (65%)	72 (35%)	102	Whole body	Esophageal 33.5	72 h	106
Simbruner et al. [21]	10-minute Apgar score <5, continued need for resuscitation, severe acidosis; clinical evidence of encephalopathy; abnormal standard EEG	Use of high-dose anticonvulsant therapy; birth weight <1800 g; head circumference of 3rd percentile; major congenital malformations; imperforate anus; gross hemorrhage; infant “in extremis”	0	41 (33%)	84 (67%)	64	Whole body	Rectal 33.5	72 h	65
Tanigasalam et al. [22]	Encephalopathy; severe acidosis; any two of: 10-min Apgar score of ≤5, evidence of fetal distress, assisted ventilation for at least 10 min after birth, evidence of any organ dysfunction	Extramural neonates; major congenital abnormalities; absence of spontaneous respiratory efforts by 20 min after birth; history of maternal renal failure	5 (4%)	83 (69%)	32 (27%)	60	Whole body	Rectal 33–34	72 h	60
Zhou et al. [23]	Birth weight >2500 g; Apgar score ≤3 at 1 minute and ≤5 at 5 minutes; severe acidosis; need for resuscitation or ventilation at 5 minutes of age	Major congenital abnormalities; infection; other encephalopathy; severe anemia (hemoglobin <120g/L)	39 (21%)	82 (42%)	73 (37%)	100	Head plus mild systemic	Nasopharyngeal 34	72 h	94
								Rectal 34.5–35

ND = not described.