Fig. 4.

H. pylori proteins mimic not only host interactions, but also HPIs (a, b, and c). Our interface-based approach uncovered a known HPI for CagA (d). It is known that CagA interacts with ZO1, but their complex structure is not available. Figures show the superimposed structures of our HPI models for H. pylori with the known exogenous or endogenous human PPIs. Pink and cyan proteins are from human, greens are proteins from bacteria or virus, and gray proteins are H. pylori proteins. Gray proteins bind to pink proteins by hijacking the interfaces on green and cyan proteins (only the interface is similar, not the global structure).