Table 1.
Intracellular pathways and main factors that regulate D2 and D3 expression and/or activity in the cancer context
| D3 regulators | Reference | |
|---|---|---|
| EGF | ↑ upregulated | Hernandez A, Endocrinology (1995) (36) |
| Estrogen | ↑ upregulated | Bates JM, Endocrinology (1999) (9) |
| FGF | ↑ upregulated | Hernandez A, Endocrinology (1995) (36) |
| GRHL3 | ↓ downregulated | Di Girolamo D, J Clin Invest (2016) (37) |
| Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α | ↑ upregulated | Simonides WS, J Clin Invest (2008) (38) |
| microRNA-21 (miR21) | ↑ upregulated | Di Girolamo D, J Clin Invest (2016) (37) |
| Phorbol compounds | ↑ upregulated | Courtin F, J Neurochem (1991) (39) |
| Progesteron | ↑ upregulated | Bates JM, Endocrinology (1999) (9) |
| Serum | ↑ upregulated | Courtin F, J Neurochem (1991) (39) |
| Shh-Gli2 | ↑ upregulated | Dentice M, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2007) (21) |
| TGF-β | ↑ upregulated | Huang SA, Thyroid (2005) (10) |
| Wnt/β-catenin | ↑ upregulated | Dentice M, Gastroenterology (2012) (23) |
| D2 regulators | Reference | |
| cAMP | ↑ upregulated | Wang YY, Cardiovasc Res (2010) (40) |
| NANOG | ↑ upregulated | Nappi A, Cancers (2020) (41) |
| NF-κB | ↑ upregulated | Zeold A, Endocrinology (2006) (42) |
| Wnt/β-catenin | ↓ downregulated | Dentice M, Gastroenterology (2012) (23) |