Table 2:
Outcomes | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education | Cognitive | Memory | Vocabulary | Speed | Visual-spatial | ||
WHICAP | |||||||
Pooleda | African American | −1.36 (0.19) | -- | −0.35 (0.04) | −0.36 (0.03) | −0.30 (0.05) | −0.21 (0.03) |
Age | −0.07 (0.01) | -- | −0.04 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.00) | −0.05 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.00) | |
VPC | 9 (4 – 19) | -- | 7 (3 – 14) | 14 (7 – 24) | 9 (4 – 18) | 12 (6 – 21) | |
African Americans | Age | −0.07 (0.02) | -- | −0.04 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.00) | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.00) |
VPC | 9 (4 – 22) | -- | 6 (2 – 16) | 12 (6 – 25) | 8 (3 – 18) | 9 (4 – 19) | |
Whites | Age | −0.07 (0.02) | -- | −0.04 (0.00) | −0.03 (0.00) | −0.05 (−0.01) | −0.02 (0.00) |
VPC | 7 (0 – 57) | -- | 30 (12 – 58) | 29 (12 – 55) | 0 (0 – 0) | 26 (9 −54) | |
WHICAP, restricted to movers | |||||||
Pooleda | African American | −2.16 (0.38) | -- | −0.40 (0.08) | −0.44 (0.06) | −0.43 (0.11) | −0.33 (0.05) |
Age | −0.07 (0.02) | -- | −0.03 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.00) | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.00) | |
VPC | 5 (2–14) | -- | 5 (2–13) | 11 (5–20) | 7 (3–17) | 8 (4–16) | |
African Americans | Age | −0.06 (0.03) | -- | −0.02 (0.00) | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.05 (0.01) | −0.02 (0.00) |
VPC | 8 (2–21) | -- | 6 (2–16) | 11 (5–24) | 7 (2–19) | 8 (3–18) | |
Whites | Age | −0.18 (0.05) | -- | −0.04 (0.01) | −0.04 (0.01) | −0.07 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.01) |
VPC | 16 (2–65) | -- | 31 (11–62) | 35 (15–62) | 7 (0–95) | 45 (24–68) | |
HRS | |||||||
Pooleda | African American | −1.44 (0.07) | −1.87 (0.07) | −1.66 (0.08) | −1.52 (0.07) | -- | -- |
Age | −0.06 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.15 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | -- | -- | |
VPC | 5 (3 – 8) | 3 (2 – 5) | 1 (1 – 2) | 5 (3 – 8) | -- | -- | |
African Americans | Age | −0.12 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.16 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.02) | -- | -- |
VPC | 13 (8 – 21) | 7 (3 – 15) | 2 (1 – 6) | 12 (6 – 21) | -- | -- | |
Whites | Age | −0.05 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.16 | −0.03 | -- | -- |
VPC | 5 (3 – 7) | 3 (1 – 5) | 1 (1 – 2) | 5 (3 – 8) | -- | -- | |
HRS, restricted to WHICAP states | |||||||
Pooleda | African American | −1.44 (0.07) | −1.87 (0.08) | −1.67 (0.09) | −1.52 (0.07) | -- | -- |
Age | −0.07 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.15 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | -- | -- | |
VPC | 6 (4 – 19) | 3 (2 – 6) | 1 (1 – 2) | 5 (3 – 8) | -- | -- | |
African Americans | Age | −0.12 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.02) | −0.16 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.02) | -- | -- |
VPC | 13 (8 – 22) | 7 (3 – 15) | 2 (1 – 6) | 12 (6 −22) | -- | -- | |
Whites | Age | −0.05 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.15 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | -- | -- |
VPC | 5 (3 – 8) | 3 (2 – 5) | 1 (1 – 2) | 5 (3 – 8) | -- | -- | |
HRS, restricted to stayers | |||||||
Pooleda | African American | −1.38 (0.12) | −2.03 (0.10) | −1.68 (0.11) | −1.51 (0.09) | -- | -- |
Age | −0.06 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.15 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | -- | -- | |
VPC | 6 (3 – 9) | 4 (2 – 7) | 2 (1 – 3) | 7 (4 – 12) | -- | -- | |
African Americans | Age | −0.13 (0.01) | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.16 (0.01) | −0.03 (0.02) | -- | -- |
VPC | 14 (8 – 25) | 8 (3 – 20) | 2 (1 – 7) | 20 (10 – 35) | -- | -- | |
Whites | Age | −0.05 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.15 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | -- | -- |
VPC | 5 (3 – 9) | 4 (2 – 7) | 2 (1 – 3) | 7 (4 – 12) | -- | -- | |
HRS, restricted to movers | |||||||
Pooleda | African American | −1.74 (0.11) | −1.81 (0.11) | −1.87 (0.13) | −1.77 (0.10) | -- | -- |
Age | −0.07 (0.00) | −0.03 (0.01) | −0.15 (0.00) | −0.02 (0.01) | -- | -- | |
VPC | 5 (3 – 7) | 3 (1 – 5) | 1 (0 – 2) | 3 (1 – 5) | -- | -- | |
African Americans | Age | −0.11 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.03) | −0.15 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.03) | -- | -- |
VPC | 14 (7 – 24) | 11 (4 – 29) | 4 (2 – 11) | 5 (1 – 19) | -- | -- | |
Whites | VPC | 3 (2 – 5) | 2 (1 – 4) | 0 (0 – 2) | 3 (1 – 5) | -- | -- |
Race is included as a covariate in the pooled models. Gender and linear and quadratic terms for age were included in all models.