Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with COVID-19, respiratory failure, and hyperinflammation
| Overall population (n=392) | No interleukin inhibitors (n=275) | IL-1 inhibitor (n=62) | IL-6 inhibitor (n=55) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 (56–77) | 68 (58–79) | 63 (52–73) | 58 (52–74) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 301 (77%) | 201 (73%) | 52 (84%) | 48 (87%) | |
| Female | 91 (23%) | 74 (27%) | 10 (16%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| White | 375 (96%) | 265 (96%) | 57 (92%) | 53 (96%) | |
| Non-white | 17 (4%) | 10 (4%) | 5 (8%) | 2 (4%) | |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 129 (100–171) | 127 (91–169) | 143 (105–172) | 130 (100–195) | |
| Ferritin*, ng/mL | 1295 (943–2359) | 1239 (841–1887) | 1459 (946–2761) | 1727 (1151–2757) | |
| Lymphocytes, 109 cells per L | 0·9 (0·6–1·2) | 0·9 (0·6–1·1) | 0·9 (0·7–1·3) | 0·8 (0·6–1·1) | |
| Platelets, 109 cells per L | 228 (170–297) | 228 (165–297) | 238 (190–296) | 219 (176–299) | |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1·01 (0·8–1·31) | 1·03 (0·85–1·36) | 0·96 (0·83–1·34) | 1·00 (0·86–1·14) | |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L | 40 (25–61) | 37 (23–59) | 45 (27–64) | 45 (30–62) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 396 (314–515) | 369 (300–479) | 430 (329–532) | 458 (414–542) | |
| Respiratory support | |||||
| Oxygen | 307 (78%) | 242 (88%) | 36 (58%) | 29 (53%) | |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 85 (22%) | 33 (12%) | 26 (42%) | 26 (47%) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||
| No | 273 (70%) | 175 (64%) | 52 (84%) | 46 (84%) | |
| Yes | 119 (30%) | 100 (36%) | 10 (16%) | 9 (16%) | |
| History of neoplasia | |||||
| No | 326 (83%) | 218 (79%) | 57 (92%) | 51 (93%) | |
| Yes | 66 (17%) | 57 (21%) | 5 (8%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 320 (82%) | 219 (80%) | 50 (81%) | 51 (93%) | |
| Yes | 72 (18%) | 56 (20%) | 12 (19%) | 4 (7%) | |
| Month of admission | |||||
| February | 9 (2%) | 9 (3%) | 0 | 0 | |
| March | 323 (82%) | 223 (81%) | 46 (74%) | 54 (98%) | |
| April | 56 (14%) | 39 (14%) | 16 (26%) | 1 (2%) | |
| May | 4 (1%) | 4 (2%) | 0 | 0 | |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%). IL=interleukin.
*
Data missing for 96 patients in the no interleukin inhibitor group, five patients in the IL-1 inhibitor group, and 11 patients in the IL-6 inhibitor group.