Table 3.
Primary medical, surgical, intensive care unit, and mortality outcomes
| COVID-19 pandemic period cohort (n=398) | Historical control cohort (n=384) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary endpoint | ||||
| Rescue (including primary induction) or surgery | 217/393 (55%) | 159/380 (42%) | 0·00024 | |
| Medical therapy outcomes | ||||
| Received intravenous steroids | 380/393 (97%) | 369/375 (98%) | 0·16 | |
| Responded to intravenous steroids | 264/384 (69%) | 282/377 (75%) | 0·065 | |
| Received rescue or primary induction therapy | 177/387 (46%) | 134/373 (36%) | 0·0064 | |
| Responded to rescue therapy | 139/171 (81%) | 105/132 (80%) | 0·77 | |
| Surgical outcomes | ||||
| Required emergency surgery for acute severe ulcerative colitis | 64/389 (16%) | 50/375 (13%) | 0·26 | |
| Surgery type | .. | .. | 0·50 | |
| Subtotal colectomy | 62/64 (97%) | 52/52 (100%) | .. | |
| Diversion | 2/64 (3%) | 0 | .. | |
| Surgery method | .. | .. | 0·018 | |
| Open | 30/64 (47%) | 12/50 (24%) | .. | |
| Laparoscopic | 34/64 (53%) | 38/50 (76%) | .. | |
| Post-operative complications | 22/59 (37%) | 14/48 (29%) | 0·42 | |
| Acute severe ulcerative colitis outcomes | ||||
| Length of stay (days)* | 7·0 (5·0–13·0) | 7·0 (5·0–12·0) | 0·99 | |
| Intensive care unit admissions† | 12/382 (3%) | 11/380 (3%) | 0·32 | |
| Invasive ventilation | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 1·0 | |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 2/384 (1%) | 4/380 (1%) | 0·45 | |
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 0 | 0 | .. | |
| Death | 5/392 (1%) | 5/379 (1%) | 1·0 | |
| Composite intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation, death, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | 17 (4%) | 14 (4%) | · | |
Data are n/N (%), median (IQR), or n (%).
*
N=673.
†
Not including planned post-operative intensive care unit admission.