Fig. 1 ∣. Definitions of depression in UK Biobank.

This figure shows the different definitions of MDD in the UK Biobank and the color coding used consistently in this paper. The minimal phenotyping definitions of depression are shown in red for help-seeking definitions derived from the Touchscreen Questionnaire; blue for symptom-based definitions derived from the Touchscreen Questionnaire; and green for the self-report-based definition derived from the Verbal Interview. The EMR definition of depression is shown in orange for definitions based on ICD-10 codes. Strictly defined MDD is shown in purple for CIDI-based definitions derived from the Online Mental Health Follow-up. The no-MDD definition is shown in brown for GPNoDep, containing cases in help-seeking definitions that did not have cardinal symptoms for MDD. The data fields in the UK Biobank relevant for defining each phenotype are shown in ‘Data field in UK Biobank’; the number of individuals with non-missing entries for each definition are shown in ‘n entries’; the qualifying answers for cases and controls are shown in ‘Answers’; the case prevalence in each definition is shown in ‘Case prevalence’; and the study and definitions of depression most similar to our definitions are shown in ‘Most similar to’. The similarities and differences between help-seeking, EMR and symptom-based definitions in comparison to previously reported definitions of depression can be found in the Supplementary Note.