Table 2.
Child and caregiver unadjusted and adjusted1 outcomes
| MISC, N=58N Unadjusted Mean (SE) |
UCOBAC, N=60 Unadjusted Mean (SE) |
Unadjusted Mean Difference by Arm (95% CI) | P-value for Unadjusted Mean Difference | MISC, N=58 Adjusted Mean (SE) |
UCOBAC, N=60 Adjusted Mean (SE) |
Adjusted Mean Difference by Arm (95% CI) | P-value for Adjusted Mean Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mullen composite | ||||||||
| Mid-program2 | 70.02 (1.94) | 72.54 (2.80) | −2.52 (−9.28, 4.25) | 0.46 | 70.22 (1.63) | 73.22 (1.58) | −3.00 (−7.28, 1.29) | 0.17 |
| Immediate Post-program | 68.56 (2.06) | 69.29 (2.54) | −0.73 (−7.22. 5.76) | 0.22 | 69.17 (1.66) | 69.01 (1.56) | 0.16 (−4.14, 4.47) | 0.94 |
| 12 month Follow-up | 67.94 (2.05) | 65.85 (1.82) | 2.09 (−3.35, 7.53) | 0.44 | 68.25 (1.67) | 65.52 (1.57) | 2.73 (−1.59, 7.06) | 0.21 |
| Mullen gross motor | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 29.17 (0.57) | 30.00 (0.52) | −0.83 (−2.26, 0.69) | 0.28 | 29.43 (0.52) | 29.81 (0.53) | −0.38 (1.79, 0.89) | 0.59 |
| Immediate Post-program | 29.44 (0.60) | 30.62 (0.46) | −1.18 (−2.68, 0.33) | 0.12 | 30.02 (0.53) | 30.39 (0.52) | −0.37 (−1.90, 0.78) | 0.60 |
| 12 month Follow-up | 33.06 (0.44) | 33.06 (0.56) | 0 (−1.41, 1.42) | 0.99 | 33.29 (0.53) | 32.98 (0.52) | 0.31 (−0.84, 1.84) | 0.66 |
| Mullen fine motor | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 33.04 (1.74) | 34.81 (2.00) | −1.78 (−7.03, 3.48) | 0.50 | 34.28 (1.41) | 34.33 (1.42) | −0.05 (−4.35, 3.02) | 0.98 |
| Immediate Post-program | 31.42 (1.58) | 34.84 (2.01) | −3.42 (−8.48, 1.65) | 0.18 | 33.64 (1.43) | 34.11 (1.40) | −0.47 (−4.19, 3.20) | 0.80 |
| 12 month Follow-up | 31.83 (1.63) | 32.74 (1.30) | −0.91 (−5.05, 3.22) | 0.66 | 33.88 (1.43) | 32.59 (1.39) | 1.29 (−1.88, 5.54) | 0.50 |
| Mid-program | 28.76 (1.22) | 30.61 (1.61) | −1.85 (−5.89, 2.16) | 0.36 | 27.95 (1.17) | 29.49 (1.17) | −1.54 (−5.06, 1.34) | 0.33 |
| Immediate Post-program | 27.92 (1.33) | 29.40 (1.56) | −1.48 (−5.54, 2.58) | 0.72 | 27.37 (1.19) | 28.03 (1.15) | −0.66 (−4.10, 2.23) | 0.67 |
| 12 month Follow-up | 29.58 (1.32) | 27.06 (1.17) | 2.52 (−0.97, 6.02) | 0.16 | 28.59 (1.18) | 26.23 (1.15) | 2.36 (−0.87, 5.59) | 0.14 |
| Mullen Receptive Language | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 35.70 (1.45) | 34.93 (1.63) | 0.77 (−3.55, 5.10) | 0.72 | 36.27 (1.16) | 35.08 (1.13) | 1.19 (−1.85, 4.23) | 0.44 |
| Immediate Post-program | 34.71 (1.40) | 33.16 (1.46) | 1.55 (−2.46, 5.55) | 0.45 | 35.57 (1.18) | 32.44 (1.11) | 3.13 (0.08, 6.18) | 0.04 |
| 12 month Follow-up | 31.62 (1.22) | 30.19 (1.41) | 1.43 (−2.26, 5.12) | 0.45 | 32.44 (1.18) | 29.88 (1.12) | 2.56 (−0.50, 5.63) | 0.10 |
| Mullen Expressive Language | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 35.06 (1.40) | 35.91 (1.77) | −0.85 (−5.33, 3.63) | 0.71 | 34.23 (1.48) | 35.27 (1.48) | −1.04 (−4.98, 2.64) | 0.60 |
| Immediate Post-program | 36.62 (1.53) | 34.25 (1.63) | 2.37 (−2.09, 6.81) | 0.30 | 36.22 (1.49) | 33.50 (1.45) | 2.72 (−1.67, 5.99) | 0.18 |
| 12 month Follow-up | 36.04 (1.58) | 34.17 (1.27) | 1.87 (−2.16, 5.90) | 0.36 | 35.42 (1.49) | 33.69 (1.45) | 1.73 (−1.68, 6.01) | 0.38 |
| COAT immediate recall | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 4.26 (0.49) | 5.17 (0.58) | −0.91 (−2.42, 0.61) | 0.24 | 5.13 (0.91) | 4.78 (0.90) | 0.35 (−2.09, 2.78) | 0.86 |
| Immediate Post-program | 5.00 (0.58) | 6.45 (0.62) | −1.45 (−3.14, 0.23) | 0.09 | 5.72 (0.93) | 6.03 (0.89) | −0.31 (−2.76, 2.13) | 0.99 |
| 12 month follow-up | 8.25 (1.07) | 9.94 (1.42) | −1.69 (−5.22, 1.83) | 0.34 | 9.17 (0.93) | 9.87 (0.89) | −0.70 (−3.16, 1.76) | 0.71 |
| COAT total recall | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 11.07 (1.82) | 13.09 (2.19) | −2.02 (−7.66, 3.62) | 0.48 | 14.03 (2.03) | 11.28 (2.00) | 2.75 (−2.68, 8.18) | 0.32 |
| Immediate Post-program | 13.60 (1.99) | 17.98 (2.41) | −4.38 (−10.58, 1.82) | 0.17 | 16.24 (2.07) | 16.04 (1.98) | 0.20 (−5.25, 5.65) | 0.94 |
| 12 month follow-up | 17.19 (2.02) | 18.20 (2.41) | −1.01 (−7.26, 5.24) | 0.75 | 20.40 (2.07) | 16.29 (1.98) | 4.11 (−1.36, 9.59) | 0.14 |
| BRIEF Emergent Metacognition Index | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 63.46 (1.83) | 62.00 (2.13) | 1.46 (−4.11, 7.04) | 0.60 | 63.48 (1.87) | 61.75 (1.88) | 1.73 (−2.76, 7.18) | 0.49 |
| Immediate Post-program | 62.42 (2.09) | 56.74 (1.98) | 5.66 (−0.02, 11.40) | 0.05 | 62.75 (1.89) | 57.57 (1.89) | 5.18 (−0.71, 9.34) | 0.05 |
| 12 month follow-up | 58.40 (2.00) | 58.54 (1.90) | −0.14 (−5.60, 5.34) | 0.96 | 58.67 (1.88) | 58.99 (1.85) | −0.32 (−5.63, 4.40) | 0.90 |
| BRIEF Inhibitory Self-Control Index | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 63.54 (1.71) | 63.33 (1.77) | 0.21 (−4.69, 5.09) | 0.93 | 63.73 (1.68) | 61.78 (1.70) | 1.95 (−1.87, 7.02) | 0.39 |
| Immediate Post-program | 62.65 (1.95) | 60.11 (1.82) | 2.54 (−2.74, 7.83) | 0.34 | 63.11 (1.70) | 58.63 (1.70) | 4.48 (−0.22, 8.75) | 0.05 |
| 12 month follow-up | 58.23 (1.66) | 59.22 (1.86) | −0.99 (−5.93, 3.95) | 0.69 | 58.69 (1.70) | 57.97 (1.68) | 0.72 (−3.80, 5.16) | 0.75 |
| BRIEF Flexibility Index | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 56.61 (1.70) | 58.63 (1.83) | −2.02 (−6.97, 2.93) | 0.42 | 56.11 (1.76) | 57.84 (1.76) | −1.73 (−5.18, 4.17) | 0.47 |
| Immediate Post-program | 55.90 (2.04) | 55.02 (1.81) | 0.89 (−4.51, 6.28) | 0.75 | 55.58 (1.78) | 54.09 (1.77) | 1.49 (−3.35, 6.08) | 0.53 |
| 12 month follow-up | 52.33 (1.52) | 55.57 (1.95) | −3.25 (−8.16, 1.67) | 0.19 | 52.30 (1.77) | 54.29 (1.74) | −1.99 (−7.39, 2.03) | 0.40 |
| BRIEF Global Executive Composite | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 63.74 (1.88) | 63.28 (1.98) | 0.46 (−4.95, 5.87) | 0.87 | 63.73 (1.79) | 62.41 (1.82) | 1.32 (−2.73, 6.91) | 0.59 |
| Immediate Post-program | 62.29 (2.22) | 58.91 (1.89) | 3.38 (−1.39, 10.16) | 0.13 | 63.64 (1.82) | 58.59 (1.82) | 5.05 (−0.34, 9.39) | 0.04 |
| 12 month follow-up | 57.96 (1.81) | 58.89 (2.00) | −0.93 (−6.28, 4.43) | 0.73 | 58.29 (1.81) | 58.42 (1.79) | −0.13 (−5.28, 4.44) | 0.96 |
| Caregiver Depression symptoms | ||||||||
| Mid-program2 | 0.94 (0.07) | 0.84 (0.06) | 0.10 (−0.08, 0.27) | 0.28 | 0.96 (0.06) | 0.86 (0.06) | 0.10 (−0.11, 0.25) | 0.26 |
| Immediate Post-program | 0.76 (0.06) | 0.77 (0.06) | −0.01 (−0.17, 0.15) | 0.89 | 0.73 (0.06) | 0.77 (0.06) | −0.04 (−0.21, 0.15) | 0.68 |
| 12 month follow-up | 0.72 (0.07) | 0.93 (0.07) | −0.21 (−0.42, −0.01) | 0.04 | 0.75 (0.06) | 0.92 (0.06) | −0.17 (−0.34, 0.02) | 0.06 |
| Caregiver Anxiety symptoms | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 0.83 (0.08) | 0.70 (0.07) | 0.13 (−0.08, 0.33) | 0.23 | 0.82 (0.07) | 0.72 (0.07) | 0.10 (−0.12, 0.30) | 0.34 |
| Immediate Post-program | 0.68 (0.07) | 0.72 (0.07) | −0.04 (−0.24, 0.15) | 0.64 | 0.60 (0.08) | 0.73 (0.08) | −0.13 (−0.32, 0.10) | 0.27 |
| 12 month follow-up | 0.74 (0.07) | 0.82 (0.09) | −0.08 (−0.33, 0.15) | 0.47 | 0.70 (0.08) | 0.79 (0.08) | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.15) | 0.40 |
| Caregiver Impaired function | ||||||||
| Mid-program | 0.28 (0.04) | 0.48 (0.05) | −0.20 (−0.34, −0.07) | <0.01 | 0.32 (0.05) | 0.49 (0.05) | −0.17 (−0.31, −0.04) | 0.02 |
| Immediate Post-program | 0.20 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.06) | −0.19 (−0.34, −0.04) | 0.01 | 0.24 (0.05) | 0.39 (0.05) | −0.15 (−0.28, −0.01) | 0.04 |
| 12 month follow-up | 0.19 (0.04) | 0.37 (0.05) | −0.18 (−0.31, −0.06) | <0.01 | 0.22 (0.05) | 0.34 (0.05) | −0.12 (−0.26, 0.01) | 0.08 |
1
adjusted for child age, sex, child highly active anti-retroviral (HAART) status during the trial, outcome score at baseline, caregiver functionality at baseline, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) inhibitory self-control index, BRIEF global executive composite, and child attention measured via the Early Childhood Vigilance Test (ECVT) at baseline.
2
The mid-program assessment took place 6 months after baseline, the immediate post-program assessment 12 months after baseline, and the 12 month follow-up assessment 24 months after baseline.
MISC=Mediational Intervention for Sensitizing Caregivers, UCOBAC= Uganda Community Based Association for Child Welfare program