Table 1.
Epidemiological studies investigating the association between AD, dementia, cognitive impairment, and diabetes.
| Study | Study design | Main results |
|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's disease | ||
| Janson et al. (2004) | Cohort study | Diabetes or impaired fasting glucose was present in 81% of AD patients |
| Cheng et al. (2012) | Meta-analysis | Diabetes associated with a higher risk of AD |
| Dementia | ||
| Fontbonne et al. (2001) | Cohort study | Diabetes associated with a 2–3-fold increase risk of dementia |
| Biessels et al. (2006) | Systematic review | The incidence of dementia was higher in diabetes compared to non-diabetic patients |
| Cognitive impairment and dementia | ||
| Rawlings et al. (2014) | Cohort study | Diabetes in midlife was associated with a 19% greater cognitive decline in 20 years |
| Geijselaers et al. (2017) | Cross-sectional | Diabetes associated with cognitive decline |
| Zheng et al. (2018) | Cohort study | Diabetes and HbAc1 levels associated with cognitive decline in 10 years follow up. Prediabetes associated with an increased risk of dementia |
| Xue et al. (2019) | Meta-analysis | Diabetes associated with a 1.25–1.9-fold increase in cognitive impairment and dementia |
| Marseglia et al. (2019) | Cohort study | Diabetes and prediabetes associated with accelerated cognitive impairment |