Table 4.
Cox regression models evaluating risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.
| Variables | Univariate Cox regression |
Multivariate Cox regression Model 1 |
Multivariate Cox regression Model 2 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age | 1.054 (1.023–1.087) | 0.001 | 1.056 (1.026–1.085) | 0.001 | 1.041 (1.009–1.073) | 0.012 |
| Age >55 yrs (vs. Age ≤ 55 yrs) | 3.755 (1.719–8.205) | 0.001 | ||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (vs. female) | 2.431 (1.061–5.570) | 0.031 | 2.027 (1.010–2.043) | 0.028 | 2.033 (1.007–2.098) | 0.010 |
| Age × Sex | 1.610 (1.276–2.030) | <0.001 | 1.206 (1.002–1.358) | 0.026 | 1.118 (1.003–1.232) | 0.018 |
| Comorbidities | 30.727 (9.125–103.461) | <0.001 | 9.845 (2.280–42.520) | 0.002 | ||
| Median time from symptom onset to admission, d | 0.672 (0.543–1.384) | 0.396 | ||||
| Lymphocyte | 0.164 (0.052–0.518) | 0.002 | ||||
| HS-CRP | 1.007 (0.992–1.023) | 0.353 | ||||
| Procalcitonin | 1.151 (1.007–1.314) | 0.039 | ||||
| D-dimer | 1.016 (0.991–1.040) | 0.210 | ||||
| Troponin | 1.002(0.996–1.009) | 0.487 | ||||
| TC | 0.889 (0.524–1.508) | 0.663 | ||||
| HDL | 1.356 (0.365–5.041) | 0.649 | ||||
| SOFA | 1.881 (1.546–2.289) | <0.001 | ||||
P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; HS-CRP, high sensitive c reaction protein; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Comorbidities were defined as having at least one of the followings before diagnosis of COVID-19: chronic obstructive; pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, stroke, tumor, autoimmune disease, and HIV infection. Bold value means P < 0.05.