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. 2021 Feb 12;12:637910. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637910

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Copyright © 2021 van Welzen, Oomen and Hoepelman.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Three possible scenarios in the equilibrium between drug toxicity and damage from HIV-related immune activation: (A) A perfect balance between these factors with the smallest possible risk for comorbidity. (B) The reduction in the number of antiretroviral drugs diminishes the risk for drug toxicity but a flare in immune activation could lead to HIV-associated comorbidity. (C) Multiple antiretroviral drugs are able to fully suppress the virus but this poses a significant risk for cART-associated toxicity.