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. 2021 Feb 25;11:4630. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84153-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Study design. This study was conducted using the self-controlled case series design. The index date of influenza infection is the first day to be prescribed oseltamivir phosphate. The number of SLE flares resulting in hospitalization are counted on a yearly (52 weeks) basis. Risk interval was defined as the first 7 days from the index date of influenza infection. The control interval was defined as all other times during the observation period of each influenza season. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus.