Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of overall subjects.
| Total population (n = 2,551,036) | |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age (years) | 57.7 ± 11.9 |
| < 50 | 634,286 (24.9) |
| 50–59 | 754.438 (29.6) |
| 60–69 | 683,925 (26.8) |
| ≥ 70 | 478,387 (18.8) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 1,527,141 (59.9) |
| Female | 1,023,895 (40.1) |
| Low-income level | 682,550 (26.8) |
| Medical history | |
| Hypertension | 1,450,253 (56.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1,085,129 (42.5) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 281,683 (11.0) |
| Pharmacologic therapy for diabetes | |
| Insulin | 207,123 (8.1) |
| Oral antidiabetics | 1,519,139 (59.6) |
| Physical exam | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |
| < 18.5 | 40,338 (1.6) |
| 18.5–22.9 | 640,812 (25.1) |
| 23–24.9 | 642,830 (25.2) |
| ≥ 25 | 1,227,056 (48.1) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.1 ± 15.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.1 ± 10.1 |
| Laboratory findings | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.0 ± 42.0 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.4 ± 16.8 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.6 ± 37.7 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.2 ± 35.6 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 14.1 ± 43.6 |
| Lifestyle | |
| Smoking | |
| Non | 1,427,015 (55.9) |
| Ex | 467,444 (18.3) |
| Current | 656,577 (25.7) |
| Alcohol consumption | |
| Non | 1,462,406 (57.3) |
| Mild (< 15 g/day) | 546,618 (21.4) |
| Moderate (15–29 g/day) | 286,117 (11.2) |
| Heavy (≥ 30 g/day) | 255,895 (10.0) |
| Exercise | |
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activitya | |
| No | 1,332,830 (52.3) |
| Yes | 1,218,206 (47.8) |
AF atrial fibrillation, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein.
aModerate intensity at least 30 min/day or vigorous-intensity at least 20 min/day.