Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of DM patients according to new-onset AF during the follow-up.
| No new-onset AF (n = 2,477,048) | New-onset AF (n = 73,998) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 57.5 ± 11.9 | 65.6 ± 10.3 | < 0.001 |
| < 50 | 629,214 (25.4) | 5,072 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| 50–59 | 740,221 (29.9) | 14,217 (19.2) | |
| 60–69 | 659,278 (26.6) | 24,647 (33.3) | |
| ≥ 70 | 448,335 (18.1) | 30,052 (40.6) | |
| Sex | < 0.647 | ||
| Male | 1,482,789 (59.9) | 44,352 (59.9) | |
| Female | 994,259 (40.1) | 29,636 (40.1) | |
| Low-income level | 663,009 (26.8) | 16,621 (22.5) | < 0.001 |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 1,396,079 (56.4) | 54,174 (73.2) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1,053,295 (42.5) | 31,834 (43.0) | < 0.006 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 266,663 (10.8) | 15,020 (20.3) | < 0.001 |
| Pharmacologic therapy for diabetes | |||
| Insulin | 197,338 (8.0) | 9,785 (13.2) | < 0.001 |
| Oral antidiabetics | 1,467,936 (59.3) | 51,203 (69.2) | < 0.001 |
| Physical exam | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | < 0.001 | ||
| < 18.5 | 38,931 (1.6) | 1,407 (1.9) | |
| 18.5–22.9 | 622,420 (25.1) | 18,392 (24.9) | |
| 23–24.9 | 625,004 (25.2) | 17,826 (24.1) | |
| ≥ 25 | 1,190,693 (48.1) | 36,363 (49.2) | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.0 ± 15.6 | 131.2 ± 16.7 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.1 ± 10.1 | 79.1 ± 10.6 | 0.705 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 197.2 ± 42.0 | 190.5 ± 41.7 | < 0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.4 ± 16.8 | 51.1 ± 18.4 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.8 ± 37.7 | 107.9 ± 37.2 | < 0.001 |
| Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.4 ± 35.6 | 78.9 ± 36.2 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 144.2 ± 43.6 | 140.3 ± 44.5 | < 0.001 |
| Lifestyle | |||
| Smoking | < 0.001 | ||
| Non | 1,382,957 (55.8) | 44,058 (59.6) | |
| Ex | 452,530 (18.3) | 14,914 (20.2) | |
| Current | 641,561 (25.9) | 15,016 (20.3) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| Non | 1,415,519 (55.8) | 46,887 (63.4) | |
| Mild (< 15 g/day) | 533,609 (21.5) | 13,009 (17.6) | |
| Moderate (15–29 g/day) | 279,172 (11.3) | 6,945 (9.4) | |
| Heavy (≥ 30 g/day) | 248,748 (10.0) | 7,147 (9.7) | |
| Exercise | |||
| Moderate-to-vigorous physical activitya | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 1,289,397 (52.1) | 43,433 (58.7) | |
| Yes | 1,187,651 (48.0) | 30,555 (41.3) | |
AF atrial fibrillation, BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein.
aModerate intensity at least 30 min/day or vigorous-intensity at least 20 min/day.