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. 2021 Feb 25;11:4690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84058-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Co-transplantation of adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) with a human PDAC cell line, inducing accelerated tumor growth and increased chemotherapy resistance. (a) Schematic illustration of the Sr-CDX model. A human PDAC cell line (Capan-1) and AD-MSCs were mixed and co-transplanted subcutaneously into the flank of immunodeficient mice. (b) The tumor growth curve and (c) excised tumor weights at day 23. Results show the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's method. (d) The tumor growth curve with gemcitabine treatment and images of the harvested tumors at day 23. Results show the mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05, unpaired Student’s t-test. GEM, gemcitabine.