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. 2021 Feb 25;11:4555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83465-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Larvicide bioassays with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Lahore, Pakistan. (a) Dose–response bioassay to the organophosphate temephos, with mortality evaluated after 24 h of exposure. (b) Proportional mortality of each life stage to the diagnostic dose of the IGR pyriproxyfen. The adult emergence inhibition (AEI) was 100% in all experimental cases. (c) Susceptibility index (SI) average (with SEM error bars) for the pyrethroids permethrin and deltamethrin. The higher the SI, the less susceptible the population. Ae. aegypti Rockefeller strain (Rock) was used as a reference in all these larvicide bioassays.