Table 2.

Summary of lncRNAs with roles in HIV-1 infection

Potential role in HIV-1 therapy	lncRNA	Class of lncRNA	Genomic location	Biological function	Role in HIV-1 infection	Reference
“Shock”	Malat1	intergenic	11q13.1	epigenetic regulation, alternate splicing	promotes viral reactivation by binding to EZH2 and preventing PCR2 translocation to the HIV-1 LTR region	75,76
	HEAL/ linc02574-201	intergenic	1p35.3	epigenetic regulation	promotes viral reactivation by recruitment of histone acetyltransferase p300 to the HIV-1 promoter region	77
	NRON	antisense	9q33.3	transcriptional regulation	promotes viral latency by sequestration of NFAT within the cytoplasm	78,79
	7SK	intergenic	6p12.2	transcriptional regulation	promotes viral latency by inactivation of P-TEFb	80, 81, 82, 83
	uc002yug.2	intergenic	21q22.12	transcriptional regulation	promotes viral reactivation by inhibition of the transcription repressor RUNX1	84,85
	NEAT1	intergenic	11q13.1	post-transcriptional regulation	promotes viral latency by inhibition of nuclear export of viral mRNAs	86
“Kill”	lincRNA-p21	intergenic	6p21.2	transcriptional regulation	promotes viral persistence by inhibition of DNA DSB-induced cell death	87
	SAF	antisense	10q23.31	post-transcriptional regulation	promotes viral persistence by inhibition of pro-apoptotic caspases	88