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. 2021 Feb 25;11:4709. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84180-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Flies developed a preference for phytocannabinoids. (A) Schematic diagram of the CAFE assay for examining cannabinoid preference. Eight flies in a single vial were presented with four capillaries in which two contained cannabinoids and the other two with normal liquid food for four consecutive days. (B–E) Flies exhibited and developed preference for phytocannabinoids in a time-dependent manner. (B) Delayed preference for 0.1 mg/ml and 1 mg/ml CBD was detected on day 3 and day 4. A significant increase in preference for food containing 0.01 mg/ml CBD was observed on day 4. Flies displayed preference for food containing 0.1 mg/ml CBDV (C) and CBC (D) on day 3 and day 4. Similar to CBD, the preference for CBG-containing liquid food was significantly increased from day 2 to day 4 (n = 17–28 vials/group). Data are represented as mean ± S.E.M. One-sample t test was applied to determine statistical significance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.