Table 2.

Baseline characteristics and mtDNA-CN levels in study subjects with and without prevalent and incident T2DM.

	No prevalent T2D (n = 2262, 95%)	Prevalent T2D (n = 125, 5%)	p valuesa	No incident T2D (n = 2083, 92%)	Incident T2D (n = 179, 8%)	p valuesb
MtDNA-CN, mean (SD)	118 (27)	111 (24)	0.003	119 (27)	113 (23)	0.006
Age, mean (SD)	56.9 (2.8)	58.0 (2.8)	< 0.0001	56.9 (2.8)	57.2 (3.0)	0.17
BMI, mean (SD)	25.5 (3.9)	28.4 (5.4)	< 0.0001	25.2 (3.8)	28.5 (4.6)	< 0.0001
Smoker, yes or former/no	20/78	18/79	0.71	20/78	21/79	0.85
%	18–22	12–26		18–22	15–28
95% CI	76–80	71–86		76–80	72–85
Alcohol consumption (grams per day), 0.0.1–11.9	25/58/13	30/54/10	0.20	23/58/13	27/57/12	0.56
≥ 12	23–27	22–39		21–25	20–34
%	56–60	45–63		56–60	49–64
95% CI	12–14	6–17		12–15	7–17
Education, ≤ 9 years, 10–12	54/15/30	60/18/19	0.04	53/15/30	63/14/22	0.03
> 12	52–56	51–69		51–55	56–70
%	14–17	12–26		13–17	9–20
95% CI	28–32	13–27		28–32	16–29
Activity at home, low/high	55/43	68/30	0.005	55/43	59/39	0.26
%	53–57	59–76		53–57	52–66
95% CI	41–45	22–39		41–45	32–47
Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg), mean (SD)	131.6 (17.0)	140.0 (19.1)	< 0.0001	130.8 (16.7)	140.7 (17.1)	< 0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD)	85.0 (8.9)	87.3 (9.5)	0.005	84.6 (8.9)	89.1 (8.0)	< 0.0001
Triglycerides (mmol/L), median (IQR)	1.51 (0.97)	1.91 (1.32)	< 0.0001	1.47 (0.93)	1.86 (1.05)	< 0.0001
HDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.82 (0.45)	1.59 (0.46)	< 0.0001	1.84 (0.44)	1.60 (0.44)	< 0.0001
LDL-C (mmol/L), mean (SD)	3.41 (0.98)	3.61 (0.98)	0.04	3.39 (0.98)	3.53 (0.97)	0.10
Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD)	5.0 (0.5)	5.9 (0.9)	< 0.0001	4.9 (0.4)	5.3 (0.5)	< 0.0001
2 h-glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD)	5.9 (1.4)	8.6 (3.0)	< 0.0001	5.7 (1.3)	7.0 (1.6)	< 0.0001

^aTest for difference between no prevalent and prevalent T2DM using Student’s t-test, Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

^bTest for difference between no incident and incident T2DM using Student’s t-test, Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.