Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of subjects.
| Characteristics | Control | NDR | M-NPDR | S-NPDR | PDR | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 24 | 47 | 36 | 22 | 32 | – |
| Age (years) | 67.2 ± 10.1 | 62.7 ± 12.9 | 63.4 ± 12.7 | 55.1 ± 12.6 | 59.7 ± 11.8 | 0.012 |
| Sex (male:female) | 11 : 13 | 27 : 20 | 21 : 15 | 13 : 9 | 16 : 16 | 0.797 |
| Axial length (mm) | 23.9 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 1.9 | 24.2 ± 1.1 | 24.2 ± 1.1 | 24.0 ± 1.0 | 0.832 |
| HbA1c (%) | – | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 8.2 ± 2.0 | 7.3 ± 1.0 | 0.003 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | – | 10.1 ± 6.9 | 17.6 ± 11.1 | 13.1 ± 7.8 | 17.3 ± 10.1 | 0.003 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134.6 ± 16.5 | 126.6 ± 17.5 | 135.5 ± 25.2 | 131.8 ± 16.3 | 141.8 ± 29.7 | 0.079 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 77.0 ± 9.4 | 76.1 ± 11.9 | 77.9 ± 12.9 | 78.8 ± 10.1 | 78.0 ± 15.9 | 0.902 |
| Intra ocular pressure (mmHg) | 13.0 ± 2.5 | 14.5 ± 2.5 | 14.8 ± 3.3 | 14.1 ± 3.4 | 15.2 ± 4.3 | 0.126 |
| Ocular perfusion pressure (mmHg) | 51.3 ± 7.2 | 47.5 ± 8.8 | 49.9 ± 10.0 | 50.2 ± 8.7 | 50.8 ± 11.2 | 0.436 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 202.0 ± 35.6 | 178.4 ± 37.7 | 171.5 ± 32.9 | 186.2 ± 63.6 | 194.1 ± 37.7 | 0.102 |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | – | 102.2 ± 27.9 | 93.4 ± 26.1 | 95.0 ± 23.8 | 110.6 ± 32.4 | 0.210 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | – | 58.8 ± 21.7 | 51.6 ± 15.9 | 45.7 ± 13.0 | 50.1 ± 14.3 | 0.087 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 134.8 ± 92.4 | 128.6 ± 69.7 | 156.5 ± 114.7 | 149.7 ± 97.4 | 157.6 ± 82.2 | 0.655 |
| Hypertension (n/%) | 4/16.7 | 15/31.9 | 18/50.0 | 12/54.5 | 23/71.9 | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (n/%) | 6/25.0 | 22/46.8 | 19/52.8 | 9/40.9 | 19/59.3 | 0.047 |