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. 2021 Feb 25;11:4565. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83922-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and phenotype correlation for the Canada cohort. (a) Multidimensional scaling of pairwise Bray–Curtis dissimilarities of 1200 samples colored by subject (the 62 subjects are each represented by a randomly selected color) or by phenotypic value. (b) Pairwise Spearman’s correlation is shown between each pair of phenotypes, except point-biserial correlation is shown when comparing binary vs. continuous phenotypes (the encoding for computing the correlation for the binary phenotypes is the following: smoking no/yes = 0/1, menopause pre/post = 0/1). The first two eigenvalues of the MDS represent 12% and 10% of the sum of all positive eigenvalues. This image has been generated using Matlab version R2017a at https://www.mathworks.com/products/matlab.html.