Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 25;11:4523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84071-6

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and morphology throughout CO generation. (A) Bar graph showing the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I–V assembly levels in H9 hESCs, H9 hESC COs, PBMCs, iPSCs and iPSC COs. Median fluorescence intensities for each complex were recorded using Luminex technology. Bars, median fluorescence intensity ± SD. (B) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the formation of the inner mitochondrial membrane OXPHOS proteins (complex I, NDUFS3; complex II, SDHA; complex III, UQCRC1; complex IV, COXIV; complex V, ATP synthase-β; green) and the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOMM-20; red) in (i) H9 hESCs to H9 hESC COs and; (ii) iPSCs to iPSC COs. All scale bars, 100 μm. Last column shows insets, enlarged views of boxed areas from the merge CO images, all scale bars, 10 μm. In the CO tissues, out of focus light and autofluorescence of tissue matrix led to background noise which were corrected for better visualization. Brightness levels of each images were also adjusted to optimize visualization. Immunofluorescent images shown here were used for qualitative observations only—no quantitative analyses were performed. (C) Bar graph showing the intracellular ATP levels across H9 hESCs to H9 hESC COs and PBMCs, iPSCs to iPSC COs, bars, mean ± SD. (D) (i) Box plot summarizing the median number of mitochondria in 10 cells examined, boxes, median and interquartile range, IQR. (ii) Representative electron micrographs of mitochondrial morphology across H9 hESCs (scale bar, 5 μm) to H9 hESC COs (scale bar, 500 nm) and PBMCs (scale bar, 5 μm), iPSCs (scale bar, 500 nm) to iPSC COs (scale bar, 500 nm).