Figure 4.

Increased E/é Ratio Indicative of LV Diastolic Dysfunction

Indicators of cardiac filling pressures were evaluated noninvasively at baseline and every 4 weeks throughout the 20-week study. Transmitral inflow velocity was measured by pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography, and mitral annular velocity was measured by pulse-wave tissue Doppler imaging. (A) Representative trace recordings of mitral inflow (E/A) and tissue Doppler medial and lateral mitral annular velocities (é) at 20 weeks from control and HFpEF minipigs. Peak early (E) and late atrial (A) diastolic transmitral flow velocity along with early (é) and late atrial (á) diastolic mitral annular velocity were noted. (B) Early-to-late diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E/A) ratios were not statistical different. The E to early diastolic mitral medial (C) and lateral (D) annular tissue velocity (E/é) ratios were also calculated. Values are mean ± SEM; ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01; ∗∗∗p < 0.001 for significantly different versus control. Numbers in circles represent the number of animals analyzed. Abbreviation as in Figure 1.