Table 2.
Patient characteristics.
| Improvement/ Recovery (N = 177) | Worsening/ ICU/ Death (N = 124) | Overall (N = 301) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | |||
| Age | |||
| Mean (SD) | 66.3 (13.4) | 74.8 (10.5) | 69.8 (13.0) |
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 65.7 (57.4−77.8) | 76.2 (69.3−82.4) | 71.4 (61.0−79.6) |
| Min – Max | 29.4 - 98.0 | 47.0 - 96.7 | 29.4 - 98.0 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 113 (63.8) | 96 (77.4) | 209 (69.4) |
| Female | 64 (36.2) | 28 (22.6) | 92 (30.6) |
| Arterial hypertension | |||
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 94 (53.1) | 46 (37.4) | 140 (46.7) |
| Yes | 83 (46.9) | 77 (62.6) | 160 (53.3) |
| Ischemic heart disease | |||
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 155 (87.6) | 97 (78.9) | 252 (84.0) |
| Yes | 22 (12.4) | 26 (21.1) | 48 (16.0) |
| Symptoms | |||
| Body temperature (° C) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 37.7 (37.0−38.2) | 37.8 (37.0−38.5) | 37.7 (37.0−38.3) |
| Min – Max | 36.0 - 40.1 | 36.0 - 40.1 | 36.0 - 40.1 |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Cough | |||
| No | 88 (49.7) | 57 (46.0) | 145 (48.2) |
| Yes | 89 (50.3) | 67 (54.0) | 156 (51.8) |
| Dyspnea | |||
| No | 55 (31.1) | 26 (21.0) | 81 (26.9) |
| Yes | 122 (68.9) | 98 (79.0) | 220 (73.1) |
| Myalgia/malaise/arthralgia | |||
| No | 122 (68.9) | 92 (74.2) | 214 (71.1) |
| Yes | 55 (31.1) | 32 (25.8) | 87 (28.9) |
| Headache | |||
| No | 172 (97.2) | 123 (99.2) | 295 (98.0) |
| Yes | 5 (2.8) | 1 (0.8) | 6 (2.0) |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | |||
| No | 151 (85.3) | 100 (80.6) | 251 (83.4) |
| Yes | 26 (14.7) | 24 (19.4) | 50 (16.6) |
| Neurological symptoms | |||
| No | 147 (83.1) | 103 (83.1) | 250 (83.1) |
| Yes | 30 (16.9) | 21 (16.9) | 51 (16.9) |
| Laboratory exams | |||
| SaO2 (%) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 90.0 (86.0−94.0) | 85.0 (76.0−91.0) | 88.0 (83.0−93.0) |
| Min – Max | 58.0 - 99.0 | 52.0 - 100.0 | 52.0 - 100.0 |
| Missing | 8 | 14 | 22 |
| paO2 (mmHg) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 58.0 (50.0−69.0) | 51.0 (41.0−64.0) | 55.0 (46.5−66.0) |
| Min – Max | 35.0 - 336.0 | 22.0 - 99.0 | 22.0 - 336.0 |
| Missing | 38 | 15 | 53 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 1.0 (0.8−1.5) | 1.4 (1.0−2.1) | 1.2 (0.9−1.7) |
| Min – Max | 0.4 - 15.0 | 0.5 - 8.3 | 0.4 - 15.0 |
| Missing | 40 | 16 | 56 |
| WBC (x 103/mmc) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 6.25 (4.8–8.7) | 7.3 (5.4–10) | 6.5 (5–9) |
| Min – Max | 2.4 – 2.95 | 1.7 – 3.57 | 1.7 – 3.57 |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Neutrophil count (x 103/mmc) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 4.5 (3.6–7.1) | 5.8 (4.1–8.35) | 5.3 (3.75–7.6) |
| Min – Max | 0.7 – 24.2 | 0.9 – 16.2 | 0.7 – 24.2 |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lymphocytes count (x 103/mmc) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.15) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
| Min – Max | 0.1 - 4 | 0.2 - 29 | 0.1 - 29 |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| AST (U/L) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 39.5 (28.0−58.0) | 50.0 (36.0−77.0) | 44.0 (31.0−65.0) |
| Min – Max | 12.0 - 593.0 | 14.0 - 233.0 | 12.0 - 593.0 |
| Missing | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| ALT (U/L) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 28.5 (20.0−45.0) | 30.5 (19.0−50.0) | 29.0 (20.0−48.0) |
| Min – Max | 4.0 - 608.0 | 2.0 - 196.0 | 2.0 - 608.0 |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| LDH (U/L) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 319.5 (237.0−415.0) | 444.5 (325.0−613.0) | 364.5 (258.0−491.0) |
| Min – Max | 136.0 - 1321.0 | 168.0 - 5400.0 | 136.0 - 5400.0 |
| Missing | 33 | 30 | 63 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 1404.0 (978.0−2364.0) | 1959.0 (1073.0−5064.0) | 1603.0 (978.0−2845.0) |
| Min – Max | 179.0 - 23086.0 | 576.0 - 35054.0 | 179.0 - 35054.0 |
| Missing | 87 | 83 | 170 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 10.1 (4.9−15.3) | 14.4 (8.0−20.3) | 11.4 (5.8−17.8) |
| Min – Max | 0.1 - 42.5 | 0.6 - 41.0 | 0.1 - 42.5 |
| Missing | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| PCT (ng/mL) | |||
| Median (Q1 - Q3) | 0.1 (0.1−0.4) | 0.4 (0.2−1.1) | 0.2 (0.1−0.6) |
| Min – Max | 0.0 - 64.3 | 0.1 - 81.2 | 0.0 - 81.2 |
| Missing | 41 | 36 | 77 |
| Microbiology investigations | |||
| First nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 | |||
| Negative | 24 (13.6) | 15 (12.1) | 39 (13.0) |
| Positive | 152 (86.4) | 109 (87.9) | 261 (87.0) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Second nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 | |||
| Negative | 10 (5.7) | 2 (1.6) | 12 (4.0) |
| Positive | 13 (7.4) | 9 (7.3) | 22 (7.3) |
| Not performed | 153 (86.9) | 113 (91.1) | 266 (88.7) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; Q1-Q3, first-third quartile; SaO2, arterial saturation of oxygen; paO2, partial pressure of oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; WBC, white blood cell; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein level; PCT, procalcitonin; COVID-19, Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019.