Table 1.
A list of applications of base editing and prime editing
| Gene | Target sequence | Base changes | Editor Type | Delivery method | Target organism | Efficiency (%) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytosine base editing | |||||||
| APOE4 | GAAGCGCCTGGCAGTGTACCAGG | C to T | BE3 | Plasmid delivery | Mouse | 74.9 | 19 |
| TP53 | GCTTGCAGATGGCCATGGCGCGG | BE3 | Plasmid delivery | Human | 7.6 | ||
| HBB promoter | CTGACTTCTATGCCCAGCCCTGG | eA3A-BE3 | RNP delivery | Human | 22.48 | 39 | |
| CTNNB1 | CTGGACTCTGGAATCCATTCTGG | BE3 | RNP delivery | Mouse | 13 | 40 | |
| casein | GAGTTCAAAGAAGGCAGGAAAGAG | VQR-BE3 | RNA microinjection | Mouse | 56 | 41 | |
| casein | CTTCCTTGTTCACACCCTTTGGG | BE4 | RNA microinjection | Mouse | 66 | ||
| OsCDC48 | GACCAGCCAGCGTCTGGCGCCGG | PBE (APOBEC1- XTEN-n/dCas9- UGI) | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | Plant (rice) | 1.61-8.35 | 42 | |
| OsNRT1.1B | CGGCGACGGCGAGCAAGTGGAGG | 4.58 | |||||
| TPA1 (OsSPL14) | CTCTTCTGTCAACCCAGCCATGG | 3.51 | |||||
| TaLOX2 / S1 | GTCGACATCAACAACCTCGACGG | Plant (Wheat) | 3.74-6.90 | ||||
| TaLOX2 / S2 | CTTCCTGGGCTACACGCTCAAGG | 3.42 | |||||
| TaLOX2 / S3 | AAGGACCTCATCCCCATGGGCGG | 8.27-12.48 | |||||
| ZmCENH3 | AGCCCTCCTTGCGCTGCAAGAGG | Plant (maize) | 0.31-4.47 | ||||
| Adenine base editing | |||||||
| HBG | GTGGGGAAGGGGCCCCCAAGAGG | A to G | ABE7.10 | Plasmid delivery | Human | 29.4-30.1 | 20 |
| HFE C282Y | ACGTACCAGGTGGAGCACCCAGG | ABE7.10 | Plasmid delivery | Human | 28.4 | ||
| Tyr | CCATAACAGAGACTCTTACATGG | ABE7.10 | mRNA microinjection | Mouse | 8.5-20 | 28 | |
| Dmd (KO) | AACTAGCTTTTAATTGCTGTTGG | ABE7.10 | AAV | Mouse | 3.3 | ||
| OsSPL14 | AGAGAGAGCACAGCTCGAGTCGG | ABE-P1 | Agrobacterium-mediated | Plant (rice) | 26 | 43 | |
| Prime editing | |||||||
| HBB (E6V) | CATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGTGG | T to A | PE3 | Plasmid delivery | Human | 26-52 | 21 |
| HEXA1278+TATC | ATCCTTCCAGTCAGGGCCATAGGATAGA | 4bp deletion | PE3b | Plasmid delivery | Human | 33 | |
| PRNP | CAGTGGTGGGGGGCCTTGGCGG | G to A | PE3 | Plasmid delivery | Human | 53 | |
| OsAAT | CAAGGATCCCAGCCCCGTGAAGG | GA to CC | PPE3 | PEG-mediated transfection | Plant (rice) | < 0.5 | 46 |
| OsALS | GTGCTGCCTATGATCCCAAGTGG | G to T | PPE3 | Plant (wheat) | 1.8 | ||
| OsCDC48 | GACCAGCCAGCGTCTGGCGCCGG | G to A | PPE3b | 2-3 | |||
| OsEPSPS | TACTAAATATACAATCCCTTGGG | T to A | PPE3 | 2-3 | |||
| GFP | CTCGTGACCACCCTGACCTACGG | AC to GG | PE3 | RNA delivery | Human (AAVS1-eGFP hiPS cells) | 7.5 | 47 |
| Hoxd13 | GAGGCATACATCTCCATGGAGGG | G to C/T | PE3 | mRNA microinjection | Mouse embryo | 1.1-18.5 | 48 |
The table shows the target genes, target sequence with desired gene editing, and utilized genome editing technique. Also shown are the additional information such as delivery method, model systems, and the efficiencies. The list includes applications of base editor (BE), plant base editor (PBE), prime editor (PE) and plant prime editor (PPE).