Table 1.

The predominant human oral microbiota.

Sites	Microbiota	Ref
Lips	Streptococcus spp., C. Albicans	[30]
Hard palate	Streptococcus spp., Uncl. Pasteurellaceae, Mogibacterium Veillonella, Catonella Prevotella, Uncl. Lactobacillales, Gemella	[21]
Tongue	Front two-thirds of the tongue: Streptococcus mutans	[25, 31]
	Tongue dorsum: Streptococcus salivarius, S. oralis, S. mitis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Haemophilus spp., Rothia mucilaginosa
Gingival sulcus	Proteobacteria (genus Acinetobacter, Haemophilus, Moraxella), Firmicutes (Streptococcus, Granulicatella, Gemella)	[32]
Buccal mucosa	Firmicutes (Streptococcus sanguinis, S. oralis, S. mitis)	[31, 155]
Palatine tonsils	Streptococcus, Prevotella, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Veillonella	[156]
Saliva	Firmicutes (genus Streptococcus and Veillonella), Bacteroidetes (genus Prevotella), and Betaproteobacteria (genus Neisseriaceae)	[25, 31, 157]
Teeth (dental plaque)	Tooth crown: Firmicutes (genus Streptococcus and Veillonella)	[25, 31, 32]
	Supragingival plaque: Firmicutes and Actinobacteria (genus Corynebacterium and Actinomyces)
	Subgingival plaque: Obsidian Pool OP11, TM7, Deferribacteres, Spirochaetes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, C. albicans