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. 2021 Feb 26;7:11. doi: 10.1186/s40900-020-00246-x

Table 1.

Citizen Science descriptive characteristics (Adapted from Den Broeder et al. 2018, page 507)

AIMS 1. Investigation: aimed at answering scientific questions
2. Education: aimed at educational goals
3. Collective goods: public health, management of infectious disease, protect and manage natural resources
4. Action: citizens and scientists collaborate to address local concerns through advocacy and community engagement
APPROACHES A: Extreme (absolute) Citizen Science: Citizens in charge from problem definition, data collection and analysis, to interpretation and knowledge development
B: Participatory Science: Participation of citizens in problem definition and data collection

C: Distributed Intelligence

a. Citizens as basic interpreters

b. Volunteered thinking

D: Crowd Sourcing

a. Citizen as sensors

b. Volunteered computing

c. Group-based reasoning and advocacy

SIZE

1. Local

2. Mass