Table 2. Differences in Cognitive Outcomes Among Children With Nonhabitual and Habitual Snoring vs Children Without Snoring Before and After Covariate Adjustment.

NIHTB Cognition Battery outcome	Cohen d (95% CI)
	Nonhabitual snoring vs no snoring		Habitual snoring vs no snoring
	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Unadjusted	Adjusted
Picture vocabulary	0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)	0.01 (−0.03 to 0.05)	0.31 (0.23 to 0.38)	0.13 (0.05 to 0.20)
Flanker inhibitory control and attention	0.04 (0.00 to 0.08)	0.01 (−0.04 to 0.04)	0.14 (0.06 to 0.21)	0.04 (−0.03 to 0.12)
List sorting working memory	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	−0.02 (−0.05 to 0.03)	0.21 (0.14 to 0.28)	0.07 (0.00 to 0.15)
Dimensional change card sort	0.08 (0.04 to 0.12)	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	0.22 (0.14 to 0.29)	0.11 (0.03 to 0.18)
Pattern comparison processing speed	0.06 (0.02 to 0.10)	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07)	0.17 (0.10 to 0.24)	0.11 (0.04 to 0.19)
Picture sequence memory	0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)	0.03 (−0.01 to 0.06)	0.18 (0.11 to 0.26)	0.08 (0.00 to 0.15)
Oral reading recognition	0.04 (0.01 to 0.08)	−0.02 (−0.06 to 0.02)	0.28 (0.20 to 0.35)	0.11 (0.03 to 0.18)
Fluid cognition composite	0.09 (0.05 to 0.12)	0.02 (−0.02 to 0.06)	0.28 (0.21 to 0.35)	0.13 (0.06 to 0.21)
Crystallized cognition composite	0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)	−0.01 (−0.04 to 0.04)	0.33 (0.26 to 0.41)	0.14 (0.07 to 0.21)
Total cognitive function composite	0.09 (0.06 to 0.13)	0.02 (−0.03 to 0.06)	0.35 (0.28 to 0.42)	0.16 (0.09 to 0.24)

Abbreviation: NIHTB, National Institutes of Health Toolbox.