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A summary of the potential mechanisms that may be elicited by exercise in improving cerebrovascular function and cognition. CBF: cerebral blood flow; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase, NO: nitric oxide; BHB: beta-hydroxybutyrate; GH: growth hormone; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; IGF1: insulin-like growth factor-1; PGC-1a: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha.
