Table 2.

ECR change. Estimates of the ECR at the start of the considered time window, ${\widehat{\beta }}_{\mathit{\text{start}}}$, and the rate at the end of the window ${\widehat{\beta }}_{\mathit{end}}$ with corresponding standard errors

	${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{\mathit{\text{start}}}$	${\widehat{\mathit{\beta }}}_{\mathit{end}}$
Italy	9.031 (0.333)	0.290 (0.010)
Spain	3.266 (0.038)	0.240 (0.004)
Germany	2.017 (0.068)	0.271 (0.016)
UK	1.688 (0.037)	0.370 (0.005)
Netherlands	1.212 (0.067)	0.340 (0.019)
Belgium	1.440 (0.057)	0.340 (0.012)
Sweden	0.880 (0.032)	0.452 (0.011)