Table 1.
Representative respiratory indices across the lifespan
| Premature newborn infant (2 kg)* | Healthy newborn (10 d old) | 7-month-old | 5-year-old | Adult (53-year-old) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR, cycles/min | 90 | 44 | 25 | 21 | 12 |
| I:E | 1:2.5 | 1:3 | 1:2 | 1:2 | 1:2 |
| Ti, s | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.80 | 0.95 | 1.67 |
| Flow, L/min | 2.9 | 3.8 | 6.5 | 11.2 | 18.0 |
| VT, mL | 7.4 | 22.0 | 87.0 | 177.0 | 500.0 |
| % of adult VT | 1.5 | 4.4 | 17.4 | 35.4 | 100 |
| VE, L | 0.66 | 0.96 | 2.17 | 3.71 | 6.00 |
Adapted from Xi et al.[64]
RR, respiratory rate; I:E, Inspiratory-expiratory ratio; Ti, inspiratory time; VT, tidal volume; VE, minute ventilation
*Premature infant data from te Pas et al. [62]; representative data from other pediatric populations and adults from Fleming et al., Gagliardi et al., and Rusconi et al.[65–67]