TABLE 2.

Antifungal, anthelmintic and anti-retroviral activity of Salix species.

Micro-organism	Extract/compounds	Used method	Effects	References
Fungi
Fusarium oxysporum	Ethanol extract of S. babylonica L. root	Poisoned food technique	Good fungicidal activity at 20% concentration	Sati et al. (2013)
Candida guilliermondii, C. glabrata and  C. parapsilosis	Methanol extract of S. alba L. leaves	Broth microdilution method, filter disc assay and growth curve study	MIC = 800 μg/ml, 800 μg/ml and 1,600 μg/ml respectively. Inhibition i.e. 12 mm for C. glabrata followed by 11 mm measured in C. parapsilosis. C. guilliermondii inhibition was 10 mm	Zarger et al. (2014)
Parasites
Hemonchus contortus, Eimeria  Cooperia, Chabertia, Dictyocaulus,  Moniezia, and Ostertagia	Leaves of S. babylonica L. extract	Oocyst and egg count technique in goat and sheep	20 ml oral doses decrease oocyst and egg count in both species	Salem et al. (2017)
Bonostomum sp., Strongiloides  papillosus, and Nematodiruss pathiger  Nematodirus battus	Leaves extract of S. babylonica L	Salt floatation technique and McMaster method	The extract caused egg and worm count reductions in lamb feces by 47% vs. the control lambs	Hernandez et al. (2014)
Virus
HIV-1	S. egyptiaca L. Pl extract	XTT method. Inhibition of p24 Ag production level assay	The IC50 in HeLa infected cells was 45 μg/ml 100 μg/ml extract inhibited the production of HIV-1 p24 Ag by more than 80%	Eftekhari et al. (2014)