TABLE 5.

In vivo anticancer effects of Salix species.

Extract/compound	Doses	Route of administration	Methods	Effects	Mode of action	References
Aqueous extract from the young developing leaves of willow (S.safsaf forsk.)	0.2 and 0.6 ml of extract (10% w/v)	Oral	EACC were injected into the intraperitoneal cavity of mice	The willow extract reduced the tumor growth and delayed the death was delayed	Promote apoptosis, cause DNA damage, and affect cell membranes and/or denature proteins	El-Shemy et al. (2007)
Acetone soluble fraction of S.caprea L.flowers	0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg	Topical application on the skin	7,12-Dimethyl benz [a] anthracene DMBA-initiated croton oil (phorbol ester)mice	Reductionin tumor incidence and number of tumors per mouse ranging from 20 to 50% and 50–63%	Intercept the free radicals and protect cellular macromolecules from oxidant damage. Effectiveness in inhibiting the ornithine decarboxylase activity and maintaining the activity of phase II enzymes after toxicant exposure	(Sultana and Saleem (2004)