Table 2.
Unadjusted association between candidate predictor variables and outcome in the derivation cohort (N=4035)
| Characteristic | Number/with data (%) | Death by day 30 | OR (95% CI) |
P value | |
| Yes | No | ||||
| Sex | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 1554/3987 | 341 | 1213 | 1 | |
| Male | 2433/3987 | 721 | 1712 | 1.5 (1.29 to 1.74) | |
| Age (years) | <0.001 | ||||
| <=40 | 302/4031 (7.5) | 9 | 293 | 1 | |
| 40–49 | 374/4031 (9.3) | 16 | 358 | 1.45 (0.63 to 3.34) | |
| 50–54 | 266/4031 (6.6) | 19 | 247 | 2.50 (1.11 to 5.63) | |
| 55–59 | 279/4031 (6.9) | 38 | 241 | 5.13 (2.43 to 10.8) | |
| 60–64 | 356/4031 (8.8) | 53 | 303 | 5.69 (2.76 to 11.7) | |
| 65–69 | 401/4031 (9.9) | 78 | 323 | 7.86 (3.87 to 15.0) | |
| 70–74 | 522/4031 (12.9) | 123 | 399 | 10.0 (5.02 to 20.1) | |
| 75–79 | 521/4031 (12.9) | 201 | 320 | 20.4 (10.3 to 40.6) | |
| 80–84 | 410/4031 (10.2) | 196 | 214 | 29.8 (14.9 to 59.5) | |
| 85–89 | 379/4031 (9.4) | 200 | 179 | 36.4 (18.3 to 72.8) | |
| >=90 | 221/4031 (5.5) | 140 | 81 | 56.3 (27.5 to 115) | |
| Hypertension | 2052/4010 (51.2) | 764 | 1288 | 3.22 (2.76 to 3.74) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 497/3606 (13.8) | 169 | 328 | 1.57 (1.29 to 1.93) | <0.001 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 54/3998 (1.4) | 23 | 31 | 2.08 (1.21 to 3.58) | 0.008 |
| Chronic neurological disorder | 373/4002 (9.3) | 161 | 212 | 2.31 (1.85 to 2.87) | <0.001 |
| Neoplasm (active) | 352/4035 (8.7) | 152 | 200 | 2.28 (1.82 to 2.85) | <0.001 |
| Dementia | 315/3979 (7.9) | 184 | 131 | 4.52 (3.57 to 5.73) | <0.001 |
| Myalgia/Arthralgia | 947/3809 (24.9) | 155 | 792 | 0.49 (0.40 to 0.59) | <0.001 |
| Cough | 2862/3984 (71.8) | 688 | 2174 | 0.68 (0.59 to 0.79) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnoea | 1953/3980 (49.1) | 668 | 1285 | 2.19 (1.89 to 2.53) | <0.001 |
| Altered consciousness | 450/3931 (11.4) | 220 | 230 | 3.15 (2.58 to 3.86) | <0.001 |
| White cell count—cells/×109/L | <0.001 | ||||
| <=4000 | 666/3971 | 132 | 534 | 1 | |
| 4000–12 000 | 2993/3971 | 778 | 2215 | 1.42 (1.15 to 1.75) | |
| >12 000 | 312/3971 | 151 | 161 | 3.79 (2.83 to 5.08) | |
| Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | <0.001 | ||||
| <3.22 | 1316/3945 | 207 | 1109 | 1 | |
| 3.22–6.33 | 1314/3945 | 298 | 1016 | 1.57 (1.29 to 1.91) | |
| >6.33 | 1315/3945 | 547 | 768 | 3.82 (3.17 to 4.59) | |
| eGFR—mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD-EPI) | <0.001 | ||||
| >=60 | 2786/3895 (71.5) | 512 | 2274 | 1 | |
| 30–59 | 844/3895 (21.7) | 379 | 465 | 3.62 (3.07 to 4.27) | |
| <30 | 265/3895 (6.8) | 153 | 112 | 6.07 (4.67 to 7.88) | |
| Low SaO2 (age-adjusted)* | 942/3545 (26.6) | 413 | 529 | 3.44 (2.93 to 4.05) | <0.001 |
| INR>1.1 | 1503/3301 (45.5) | 524 | 979 | 2.20 (1.88 to 2.57) | <0.001 |
| CRP>5 μg/L | 3378/3677 | 939 | 2439 | 3.21 (2.21 to 4.67) | <0.001 |
*≤90% for patients aged >50 years and ≤93% for patients aged ≤50 years.
CKD-EPI, Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation; CRP, C reactive protein; INR, international normalised ratio; SaO2, saturation of oxygen.