Table 1.
Summary of comparative outcomes for measurements of pooled incidence
| Group | No of studies |
No with participants | Main effect | Heterogeneity | |||||
| Pooled incidence (95% CI) |
Z score | P value | Q statistic | df | P value | I2 statistic | |||
| Psychological illness | |||||||||
| SARS and MERS | |||||||||
| Depression | 8 | 2484 | 0.194 (0.102 to 0.339) | −3.696 | 0.000 | 226.616 | 7 | 0.000 | 96.911 |
| PTSD | 10 | 3340 | 0.268 (0.188 to 0.366) | −4.307 | 0.000 | 207.992 | 9 | 0.000 | 95.673 |
| COVID-19 | |||||||||
| Depression | 108 | 515 452 | 0.270 (0.248 to 0.293) | −17.256 | 0.000 | 27 525.374 | 107 | 0.000 | 99.611 |
| PTSD | 18 | 51 721 | 0.164 (0.108 to 0.240) | −6.680 | 0.000 | 5246.998 | 17 | 0.000 | 99.676 |
| Anxiety | 109 | 127 703 | 0.279 (0.246 to 0.315) | −10.724 | 0.000 | 61 270.178 | 108 | 0.000 | 99.824 |
| Insomnia | 35 | 156 069 | 0.287 (0.238 to 0.341) | −7.094 | 0.000 | 11 906.587 | 34 | 0.000 | 99.714 |
MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.