Table 1.
Characteristics of included economic evaluations.
| Author | Country, Target Population | Evaluation Type, Study Design, Perspective, Time Horizon |
Reference Year, Discount Rate, Currency | Intervention and Comparator |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supermarkets | ||||
| Ball et al. 2016 [25] | Australia, socio-economically disadvantaged female shoppers |
CEA, within-trial evaluation, societal perspective, 6 month intervention, 12 month follow up (6 months post intervention) | 2012, NA, A$ | I: Behaviour change intervention (education and skill-building materials) C: Status quo |
| Le et al. 2016 [26] | Australia, female shoppers |
CEA, within-trial evaluation, societal perspective, 3 months | 2012, NA, A$ | I1: Skill-building (non-retail setting) I2: 20% price reduction on F&V, water and diet or low-calorie beverages at checkouts; and in-store promotion I3: I1 and I2 C: Status quo |
| Cobiac et al. [32] | Australia, supermarket shoppers |
CUA, modelled, health sector perspective, lifetime | 2003, 3%, A$ | I1: A$0.77 coupon to redeem on F&V, and in-store promotion C: Status quo |
| Remote Community Stores | ||||
| Magnus et al. 2016 [28] | Australia, 2011 Australian Indigenous population |
CUA, modelled, societal perspective, life-time | 2011, 3%, A$ | 20% price reductions for: I1: All fruit I2: Fresh vegetables only I3: All vegetables I4: All F&V I5: Diet drinks and water I6: All F&V, diet drinks and water In-store nutrition education and 20% price reductions for: I7: All fruit I8: Fresh vegetables only I9: All vegetables I10: All F&V I11: Diet drinks and water I12: All F&V, diet drinks and water C: Status quo |
| Magnus et al. 2018 [27] | Australia, population living in remote Indigenous communities in Northern Australia |
CUA, modelled from trial data, partial societal perspective (including health and retail sector impacts), life-time |
2011, 3%, A$ | I1: 20% price reduction for F&V, diet drink and water for 24 weeks I2: I1 in combination with in-store nutrition education for 24 weeks C: Status quo |
| Restaurants and Fast Food Stores | ||||
| Gortmaker et al. 2015 [31] | USA, general population |
CEA, modelled, societal perspective, 10 years | 2014, 3%, USD | I1: Menu calorie labelling in restaurants C: Status quo |
| Allen et al. 2015 [30] | England, adults >25 years | CEA, modelled, societal perspective, 5 years | 2015, 3.5%, GBP | I1: Ban on trans fatty acids in restaurants I2: Ban on trans fatty acids in fast food outlets C: Status quo |
| CUA, modelled, societal perspective, 5 years | ||||
| School Cafeterias | ||||
| Gortmaker et al. 2015 [31] | USA, school children from kindergarten to grade 12 |
CEA, modelled, societal perspective, 10 years | 2014, 3%, USD | I2: Nutrition standards for school meals I3: Nutrition standards for all foods and beverages sold in schools C: Status quo |
| Ladapo et al. 2016 [29] | USA, low-income grade 6–8 students |
CEA, within-trial evaluation, school perspective, 5 weeks | 2014, NA, USD | I1: School-wide environmental changes to promote water and healthy foods consumption; and physical activity (retail intervention included preparation of healthier food taste tests in cafeterias, other interventions included a peer leader club and school-wide multimedia marketing) C: Status quo |
| Worksite Cafeterias and Vending Machines | ||||
| Cobiac et al. 2010 [32] | Australia, worksite employees, cafeterias |
CUA, modelled, health sector perspective, lifetime | 2003, 3%, A$ | I2-5: Each modelled intervention was based on a single published study. Each intervention included some or all of the following components: menu labelling, in-store nutrition education, changes to catering food policies and food labelling in cafeterias and vending machines I6: Food demonstration in cafeterias, food labelling, special events (e.g., vegetable soup day), and provision of skill building materials (e.g., pamphlets and brochures) I7: Display of information sheets near food products (e.g., caloric value of food translated to number of minutes to perform occupational activity) in cafeterias and vending machines C: Status quo |
Notes: A$: Australian dollar; BMI: body mass index; C: comparator; CEA: cost-effectiveness analysis; CI: confidence interval; CUA: cost-utility analysis; F&V: fruit and vegetable; GBP: British pound sterling; I: intervention; NA: not applicable; USA: United States of America; USD: American dollars.