Table 6.

Time spent with gaming (2016 sample) and social media (2017 sample): results of significance tests and effect sizes for Table 5.

Typical weekend gaming time
Univariate analyses of variance						Helmert contrasts p; effect size d
		df	F	p	η 2	Normal vs. at-risk/pathologic		At-risk vs. pathologic
2016	Girls	2	7.21	0.001	0.039	<0.001	0.449	0.179	0.252
	Boys	2	10.67	<0.001	0.050	<0.001	0.450	0.923	0.143
	Total	2	32.77	<0.001	0.079	<0.001	0.577	0.481	0.084
Daily social media use 4+ hours
a Kruskal–Wallis H-tests						b Mann–Whitney U-tests p; effect size d
		df	F	p	η 2	Normal vs. at-risk/pathologic		At-risk vs. pathologic
2017	Girls	2	19.63	0.001	0.489	0.002	0.212	0.274	0.536
	Boys	2	8.99	0.011	0.250	0.007	0.205	0.373	0.177
	Total	2	31.22	<0.001	0.397	<0.001	0.269	0.149	0.240

Notes. ^a Kruskal–Wallis H-tests are exact. ^b Mann–Whitney U-tests are exact.