Table 4.
Cardiovascular fitness and heart rate recovery between the exercise group and the control group at pretest and posttest.
| 3 min Step Test | Group | Time 1 Mean (SD) | Time 2 Mean (SD) | p (Within Group, T1–T2) | p (Between Group, T1) | p (Between Group, T2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate (HR) | ||||||
| Rest (bpm) | Control (n = 20) | 77.9 (16.4) | 79.0 (16.8) | 0.461 | 0.084 | 0.888 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 94.3 (16.3) | 79.1 (4.3) | 0.051 | |||
| Peak (bpm) | Control (n = 20) | 126.6 (23.4) | 109.4 (23.6) | 0.109 | 0.191 | 0.177 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 130.3 (29.9) | 118.3 (15.9) | 0.310 | |||
| Time of completion (s) | Control (n = 20) | 167.1 (38.7) | 165.4 (28.9) | 0.345 | 0.857 | 0.186 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 163.3 (30.3) | 163.3 (17.8) | 0.818 | |||
| Physical fitness index | Control (n = 20) | 78.0 (25.1) | 67.6 (19.8) | 0.031 * | 0.053 | 0.503 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 56.7 (10.1) | 64.7 (25.1) | 0.237 | |||
| Heart rate recovery | ||||||
| 1–1.5 min (beats) | Control (n = 20) | 41.7 (6.4) | 44.9 (8.3) | 0.132 | 0.007 * | 0.168 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 52.9 (5.7) | 48.9 (8.6) | 0.237 | |||
| 2–2.5 min (beats) | Control (n = 20) | 36.6 (6.6) | 41.7 (9.6) | 0.028 * | 0.002 * | 0.305 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 46.7 (4.2) | 44.3 (5.6) | 0.344 | |||
| 3–3.5 min (beats) | Control (n = 20) | 33.7 (7.8) | 40.6 (8.6) | 0.003 * | 0.005 * | 0.621 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 44.4 (5.2) | 41.9 (4.9) | 0.237 |
* p < 0.05; Data were presented in mean (SD). HR, Heart Rate.