Table 5.
Health-related quality of life between the exercise group and control group at pretest and posttest.
| Domain | Group | Time 1 Mean (SD) | Time 2 Mean (SD) | p (Within Group, T1–T2) | p (Between Group, T1) | p (Between Group, T2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EORTC QLQ-C30 | ||||||
| Global health status | Control (n = 20) | 5.75 (0.55) | 5.45 (1.31) | 0.379 | 0.792 | 0.001 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 5.85 (1.60) | 7.10 (1.48) * | 0.014 | |||
| Physical functioning | Control (n = 20) | 6.15 (0.93) | 9.50 (3.15) | <0.001 * | 0.745 | 0.018 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 6.05 (1.00) | 7.45 (1.93) | 0.001 | |||
| Role functioning | Control (n = 20) | 2.60 (0.82) | 4.65 (1.39) | <0.001 * | 0.357 | 0.024 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 2.85 (0.87) | 3.65 (1.30) | 0.053 | |||
| Emotional functioning | Control (n = 20) | 6.15 (1.93) | 10.50 (3.29) | <0.001 * | 0.295 | <0.001 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 5.45 (1.19) | 7.35 (1.95) | 0.003 * | |||
| Cognitive functioning | Control (n = 20) | 2.55 (0.69) | 2.70 (1.08) | 0.624 | 0.484 | 0.121 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 2.70 (0.66) | 3.30 (1.30) | 0.069 | |||
| Social functioning | Control (n = 20) | 3.50 (0.83) | 5.70 (1.38) | <0.001 * | 0.664 | 0.139 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 3.60 (0.60) | 5.10 (1.11) | <0.001 * | |||
| Fatigue | Control (n = 20) | 3.70 (0.67) | 7.95 (1.88) | <0.001 * | 0.272 | <0.001 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 3.95 (0.76) | 5.85 (1.78) | <0.001 * | |||
| Nausea and vomiting | Control (n = 20) | 2.30 (0.47) | 5.50 (1.79) | <0.001 * | 0.744 | 0.087 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 2.35 (0.49) | 4.60 (1.43) | <0.001 * | |||
| Pain | Control (n = 20) | 2.55 (0.60) | 3.15 (1.42) | 0.090 | 0.575 | 0.330 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 2.45 (0.51) | 2.80 (0.70) | 0.050 * | |||
| Dyspnea | Control (n = 20) | 1.30 (0.47) | 1.70 (0.98) | 0.088 | 0.5204 | 0.719 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.40 (0.50) | 1.60 (0.75) | 0.297 | |||
| Insomnia | Control (n = 20) | 1.25 (0.44) | 1.55 (0.83) | 0.111 | 0.690 | 0.732 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.30 (0.47) | 1.65 (0.75) | 0.110 | |||
| Appetite loss | Control (n = 20) | 1.55 (0.89) | 3.30 (0.86) | <0.001 * | 0.687 | 0.012* |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.15 (0.36) | 2.55 (0.95) | <0.001 * | |||
| Constipation | Control (n = 20) | 1.30 (0.47) | 2.15 (0.81) | 0.037* | 0.526 | 0.151 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.45 (0.51) | 1.80 (0.70) | 0.130 | |||
| Diarrhea | Control (n = 20) | 1.15 (0.37) | 1.55 (0.89) | 0.056 | 0.052 | 0.600 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.35 (0.48) | 1.70 (0.86) | 0.190 | |||
| Financial difficulties | Control (n = 20) | 2.15 (2.49) | 2.05 (0.83) | 0.428 | 0.258 | 0.852 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.95 (0.60) | 2.10 (0.85) | 0.527 | |||
| QLQ-H&N35 | ||||||
| Oral pain | Control (n = 20) | 4.85 (0.93) | 5.95 (2.35) | 0.051 | 0.298 | 0.815 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 5.20 (1.15) | 6.10 (1.61) | 0.082 | |||
| Swallowing problems | Control (n = 20) | 4.60 (0.68) | 4.75 (0.71) | 0.179 | 0.183 | 0.523 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 4.90 (0.72) | 4.60 (0.75) | 0.137 | |||
| Sense problems | Control (n = 20) | 2.35 (0.58) | 4.10 (1.37) | <0.001 * | 0.295 | 0.072 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 2.55 (0.60) | 3.35 (1.18) | 0.095 | |||
| Speech problem | Control (n = 20) | 4.05 (1.14) | 5.05 (1.82) | 0.049 * | 0.298 | 0.918 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 4.40 (0.94) | 5.00 (1.17) | 0.048 * | |||
| Social eating problems | Control (n = 20) | 4.65 (0.87) | 6.55 (1.93) | <0.001 * | 0.154 | 0.794 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 5.10 (1.07) | 6.40 (1.66) | 0.001 | |||
| Social contact problems | Control (n = 20) | 6.75 (1.25) | 6.95 (2.68) | 0.793 | 0.667 | 0.823 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 6.90 (0.91) | 6.80 (1.32) | 0.793 | |||
| Sex problems | Control (n = 20) | 3.65 (1.03) | 4.10 (1.44) | 0.304 | 0.013* | 0.085 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 4.35 (0.59) | 4.85 (1.22) | 0.126 | |||
| Teeth problems | Control (n = 20) | 1.30 (0.47) | 1.35 (0.48) | 0.716 | 0.478 | 0.569 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.20 (0.41) | 1.45 (0.60) | 0.204 | |||
| Mouth opening problems | Control (n = 20) | 1.1 (0.30) | 1.40 (0.82) | 0.083 | 0.222 | 0.657 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.25 (0.44) | 1.30 (0.57) | 0.789 | |||
| Dry mouth | Control (n = 20) | 1.25 (0.44) | 1.50 (0.88) | 0.330 | 0.503 | 0.836 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.35 (0.48) | 1.45 (0.60) | 0.606 | |||
| Sticky saliva | Control (n = 20) | 1.30 (0.47) | 1.65 (1.03) | 0.201 | 0.268 | 0.730 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.15 (0.36) | 1.55 (0.75) | 0.072 | |||
| Coughing | Control (n = 20) | 1.25 (0.44) | 1.50 (0.82) | 0.096 | 0.503 | 0.664 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.35 (0.48) | 1.60 (0.59) | 0.204 | |||
| Feeling ill | Control (n = 20) | 1.40 (0.50) | 2.75 (0.91) | <0.001 * | 0.176 | <0.001 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.20 (0.41) | 1.75 (0.64) | 0.002 * | |||
| Pain killers | Control (n = 20) | 1.25 (0.44) | 1.50 (0.51) | 0.056 | 0.324 | 0.107 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.40 (0.50) | 1.25 (0.44) | 0.330 | |||
| Nutritional supplements | Control (n = 20) | 1.5 (0.512) | 1.75 (0.44) | 0.171 | 0.532 | 0.054 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.40 (0.50) | 1.45 (0.51) | 0.748 | |||
| Feeding tube | Control (n = 20) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.00 (0.00) | - | - | - |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.00 (0.00) | - | |||
| Weight loss | Control (n = 20) | 1.40 (0.503) | 1.55 (0.51) | 0.267 | 0.324 | 0.214 |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.25 (0.44) | 1.35 (0.49) | 0.428 | |||
| Weight gain | Control (n = 20) | 1.05 (0.223) | 1.10 (0.31) | 0.577 | 0.324 | 0.044 * |
| Exercise (n = 20) | 1.00 (0.00) | 1.45 (0.68) | 0.008 * |
* p < 0.05; Data were presented in mean (SD).