Table 3.

Effects of the gender, age, and education on wayfinding (selected tests).

Tested Variables	N	χ2	p
Gender X Wayfinding difficulties	911	0.482	0.786
Gender X Finding department-map	921	3.498	0.064
Gender X Finding department-arrows	921	1.357	0.262
Gender X Finding department-asked-staff	921	0.162	0.745
Gender X Finding department-asked-patient	921	0.618	0.507
Gender X Finding department-asked-reception	921	0.560	0.469
Gender X Finding department-webpage	921	4.570	0.033
Gender X Navigation-improve	913	6.047	0.109
Gender X Navigation prefer-more-maps	921	1.189	0.281
Gender X Navigation prefer-map-readability	921	1.219	0.302
Gender X Navigation prefer-more-arrows	921	0.002	0.964
Gender X Navigation prefer-strips	921	3.503	0.068
Gender X Navigation prefer-assistants	921	0.006	0.939
Gender X Navigation prefer-smart-app	921	3.241	0.089
Gender X Navigation-have-smart	913	8.299	0.040
Gender X Navigation-using smart	913	6.230	0.097
Gender X Reminder-smartphone	911	3.633	0.304
Age X Wayfinding difficulties	914	9.792	0.134
Age X Finding department-map	924	9.008	0.029
Age X Finding department-arrows	924	1.456	0.693
Age X Finding department-asked-staff	924	7.046	0.070
Age X Finding department-asked-patient	924	1.153	0.764
Age X Finding department-asked-reception	924	13.725	0.003
Age X Finding department-webpage	924	12.872	0.005
Age X Navigation-improve	916	32.002	<0.001
Age X Navigation prefer-more-maps	924	5.566	0.135
Age X Navigation prefer-map-readability	924	5.693	0.128
Age X Navigation prefer-more-arrows	924	5.084	0.166
Age X Navigation prefer-stripes	924	22.569	<0.001
Age X Navigation prefer-assistants	924	1.977	0.577
Age X Navigation prefer-smart-app	924	40.365	<0.001
Age X Navigation-have-smart	916	207.513	<0.001
Age X Navigation-using smart	916	147.558	<0.001
Age X Reminder-smartphone	914	100.262	<0.001
Education X Wayfinding difficulties	914	31.122	<0.001
Education X Finding department-map	924	6.664	0.036
Education X Finding department-arrows	924	3.122	0.210
Education X Finding department-asked-staff	924	2.988	0.224
Education X Finding department-asked-patient	924	0.016	0.992
Education X Finding department-asked-reception	924	8.193	0.017
Education X Finding department-webpage	924	10.596	0.005
Education X Navigation-improve	916	31.044	<0.001
Education X Navigation prefer-more-maps	924	0.079	0.961
Education X Navigation prefer-map-readability	924	3.853	0.146
Education X Navigation prefer-more-arrows	924	2.204	0.332
Education X Navigation prefer-strips	924	21.384	<0.001
Education X Navigation prefer-assistants	924	6.898	0.032
Education X Navigation prefer-smart-app	924	8.081	0.018
Education X Navigation-have-smart	916	57.054	<0.001
Education X Navigation-using smart	916	27.779	<0.001
Education X Reminder-smartphone Interactions	914	52.947	<0.001
Age × Gender X Wayfinding difficulties	910	1.497	0.960
Age × Gender X Navigation-improve	912	18.105	0.034
Education × Gender X prefer-smart-app	920	10.576	0.056
Education × Gender X would-use-smartphone	912	36.286	0.002
Education × Age X would-use-smartphone	915	119.447	0.000
Education × Age X Navigation-improve	915	50.734	0.000

Note: N = number of valid answers; χ² = results of chi2 test; p = significance (p-value). Significant results (p < 0.05) are marked bold. X = dependence between two variables.