Table 3.
Variables related to asthma control identified by univariate analysis.
| Controlled (n = 107) | Uncontrolled (n = 69) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| <35 years old | 23 (57.5) | 17 (42.5) | |
| 35–44 years old | 38 (77.6) | 11 (22.4) | |
| 45–54 years old | 27 (56.3) | 21 (43.8) | |
| 55–64 years old | 14 (70.0) | 6 (30.0) | |
| ≥65 years old | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | |
| Smokers, n (%) | 0.001 | ||
| NS | 66 (73.3) | 24 (26.7) | |
| FS | 21 (55.3) | 17 (44.7) | |
| CS | 20 (41.7) | 28 (58.3) | |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.134 | ||
| Male | 39 (54.2) | 33 (45.8) | |
| Female | 68 (65.4) | 36 (34.6) | |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.345 | ||
| Normal weight | 46 (63.0) | 27 (37.0) | |
| Overweight | 33 (66.0) | 17 (34.0) | |
| Obesity | 28 (52.8) | 25 (47.2) | |
| Family asthma, n (%) | 0.008 | ||
| Yes | 21 (44.7) | 26 (55.3) | |
| No | 86 (66.7) | 43 (33.3) | |
| Family atopy, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| Yes | 19 (42.2) | 26 (57.8) | |
| No | 88 (67.2) | 43 (32.8) | |
| Personal allergy, n (%) | 0.034 | ||
| Yes | 40 (51.9) | 37 (48.1) | |
| No | 67 (67.7) | 32 (32.3) | |
| Dyspnea, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 25 (30.1) | 58 (69.9) | |
| No | 82 (88.2) | 11 (11.8) | |
| Exacerbations, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 18 (29.0) | 44 (71.0) | |
| No | 89 (78.1) | 25 (21.9) | |
| Anxiety trait, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 9 (31.0) | 20 (69.0) | |
| No | 98 (66.7) | 49 (33.3) | |
| Depression trait, n (%) | 0.019 | ||
| Yes | 3 (27.3) | 8 (72.7) | |
| No | 104 (63.0) | 61 (37.0) | |
| FEV1%, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <80% | 17 (28.8) | 42 (71.2) | |
| ≥80% | 90 (76.9) | 27 (23.1) | |
| FVC%, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <80% | 1 (6.3) | 15 (93.8) | |
| ≥80% | 106 (66.3) | 54 (33.8) | |
| FEV1/FVC, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| <70% | 38 (46.3) | 44 (53.7) | |
| ≥70% | 69 (73.4) | 25 (26.6) | |
| TLC%, n (%) | 0.020 | ||
| <80% | 14 (87.5) | 2 (12.5) | |
| ≥80% | 90 (57.7) | 66 (42.3) | |
| RV%, n (%) | 0.372 | ||
| <80% | 10 (71.4) | 4 (28.6) | |
| ≥80% | 93 (59.2) | 64 (40.8) | |
| DLCO%, n (%) | 0.040 | ||
| <80% | 18 (46.2) | 21 (53.8) | |
| ≥80% | 87 (64.4) | 48 (35.6) | |
| KCO%, n (%) | 0.048 | ||
| <80% | 9 (90) | 1 (10) | |
| ≥80% | 96 (58.5) | 68 (41.5) | |
| Treatment GINA steps, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| GINA 1 | 43 (87.8) | 6 (12.2) | |
| GINA 2 | 22 (53.7) | 19 (46.3) | |
| GINA 3 | 32 (64.0) | 18 (36.0) | |
| GINA 4 | 3 (18.8) | 13 (81.3) | |
| GINA 5 | 7 (35.0) | 13 (65.0) |
NS: never-smokers; FS: former-smokers; CS: current-smokers; BMI: body mass index; FVC: forced vital capacity; L: liter; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second; FEV1/FVC: ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity; TLC: total lung capacity; RV: residual volume; DLCO: diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide; KCO: ratio of DLCO and alveolar volume; GINA: Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Bold characters show the significant differences (p value < 0.05).