Table 3.

Quotations from participants and authors to illustrate each theme.

Themes/Categories	Quotations from Participants Primary Studies	Interpretations of Findings Offered by Authors
Individual Factors: Self-Perception of Body Image
Emotional self	When I eat something fattening I feel bad. I feel guilty that I am already fat and after eating this, I will become fat [23].	Feeling guilty about myself
	I think I look pretty good. I′m not like very good-looking, but quite normal. It′s not that I′m ugly [24].	Self-confidence
	I get sad when I get chubby [9].	Feeling sad
	People degrade them, make them feel bad about them and that′s where they get more stressed and then they eat those foods [9].	Get stressed
	Everybody should be able to look the way they want to, and there should not be any things that make them feel that they need to change [25].	Be yourself
	Hayley: Some people it could happen to and others it would never. Roisin: Like if the person is confident. Researcher: OK, so you think that helps them not be affected by it? Roisi4: Yeah ′cos if they are really shy and all they would probably be but if they were confident they wouldn′t [26].	Be confident
Thinking self	If you like yourself and you look in the mirror and like what you see in there, you′re confident with people [22].	Self-confidence
	My weight gain is the main concern. I like the way my face is [23].	My concern
	I think there are greater differences between boys than there are between girls. I think most girls want the same things, they want to be slim and Yeah, like, be good looking and slim. But I think the boys here are more into beefing up than the west-end boys are. That′s what I think [27].	As I want to be
	It depends more on talking a lot, being clever and being knowledgeable. Then you can talk about status. I don′t think it′s about appearance. It′s more about being visible at our meetings. This goes for both boys and girls [27].	Important values
	I think most people, at least girls, have an inner wish to be thin and would love to have a body like Britney Spears. This is the goal, but then I think it varies between groups [27].	Wish to be thin
Relational Factors: Relevance of the Opinions of Friends and Colleagues of Body Image
Peer surveillance	People our age are very critical of other people and how they look. Like they′re very cruel and they don′t think they′ve got feelings and they make snap judgements about girls and give them low self-esteem [22].	To be overly critical of appearance
	They put pressure on you to get the body they think is right, like soccer players, skinny strong and muscley [28]. Because you get judged. Like everybody judges you, wherever you walk really (…) I think just looking attractive so that people don′t talk about you and say like, ‘Oh she’s fat, she′s ugly, her hair looks ridiculous [29].	Pressure for an ideal body
Peer acceptance	Guys don′t look at me. Nothing about me has changed but the weight gain. I feel that they are not looking at me because of the weight gain….Guys don′t look at me the way they used to [23].	Without acceptance
	Some people in my class they are big and they get bullied a lot, but I stop that bullying [9].	Get bullied
	They like could be fat and everybody′s mocking them so they like exercise because exercise makes you thin [26].	Fear of being mocked
	They [my friends] think that I have strange toes. They usually sit and look at them at gymnastics at school. But I think they do so mostly just to tease me, just for fun. (How does it make you feel?) I don’t care. (Doesn′t it bother you at all?) No [24].	Negative comments are not important
Relational Factors: Relevance of the Opinions of Family and Parents of Body Image
Influence of parental opinion	My parents kept telling me, “Go to the gym.” My mom said, “You are leading a sedentary lifestyle”. (Mom) is concerned about my health. She says, “You eat unhealthy food, you keep sitting around [23].	Concerned about my health.
	My mom gets magazines and we would look through them. if we like it [celebrity look] I′d do something like and copy (them) [26]. My mom is mad at me because I (weigh) less than her [9].	Mother pressure
	[We] might talk about that I had my hair cut and [mother says] Oh, that haircut really suits you (...) or if I buy a new top she usually says ‘well, that’s nice′ [24].	Opinions about clothes
	So if you see your parents going on Atkins Diet or something then you′re going to be thinking ‘oh should I be having carbs? Like is it not good to have carbs?’ So then you just think it′s normal to just cut things out of your diet [29].	Pressure from family
Opinion on parental control	My parents, like, tried to make a lot of restrictions and, like, I don′t listen to them anymore [30].	Parental restrictions on social media
	It like gives me anxiety whenever my parents are like ‘okay, I′m gonna just like check something’ and they like actually check my computer history a lot and so like I start to like freak out like even though I′ve done like nothing wrong which makes them like get a message that like I did something even though I′ve done nothing. And so I’m like constantly worried about what I use [30].	Parental vigilance on social media
Environmental factors: Relevance of Specific Features of the School Environment of Body Image
Opinion on teachers	If you go to a teacher, they′re going to give you the ‘well it′s wrong and you know what can happen’ [29].	Teacher support
	At this school, they teach us how to like yourself and self-confidence and stuff. This is a really inclusive school and it teaches you how you shouldn′t care how other people think of how you look but in other public schools… Our teachers in health class, like all the umm teachers help us with confidence [and] teach us to build a really thick wall so that this stuff does not get to you and I guess you are more immune to it because you know you are fine and so does your class, too [30].	Positive school environment
Environmental Factors: Perceived Expectations Across the Mass-Media of Body Image
Celebrities	A lot of the boys talk about what celebrities they like and then the girls would look up that celebrity and how they look, what they wear and everything and might copy them [26]. You would want to be as skinny as them [22]. If I’m following a female celebrity. they do all these, like, photo shoots and stuff and they look really pretty. So, sometimes, I guess that makes me not feel good? [30] Then everybody started to aspire for it. You become conscious that you have to be a size zero. Earlier you were size 1.Now you are relatively fatter [23].	Copying fashion trends from celebrities
Mas media	Accepting compliments is so much easier than being like [30].	Pressure to get likes
	I feel pretty confident in myself. I mean, I might. look at somebody and be like, ‘Yeah, she′s really pretty’ but. I′m happy with who I am, like I wouldn’t want to be anybody else [30].	Confident in myself
	Like I know sometimes I′ll look at pictures and it′ll make me feel like not happy with myself cause sometimes I′ll wanna look like them [30].	Comparison/unhappy with myself
	Buy this top and it will make you look this thin [25].	Coping fashion trends
Outcomes: Strategies, Practices, and Self-Management
Acting self: diet	Both self-devised diets and prescribed fad diets would be executed, normally for short periods of time [22].	Dieting and prescribed fad diets
	They say something like ‘I′m so fat, I need to get on a diet!’ or something like that, and then people who are actually like more overweight might think like ‘oh they′re saying that and they′re skinnier than me, which means that I′m even worse than them’ [29].	Dieting
	I tend to stick to whole wheat and I don′t have white rice and white bread. I stay away from sugar, cheese. I don′t like oily things. I think it has become a habit because I have stuck to this for quite a while. I never deny myself [23].	Healthy diet
	You know the vinegar, she drinks that and it kind of stops her from eating and it actually just makes her stomach feel full [26].	Dieting and prescribed fad diets
Acting self: sport	My brother, he′s only 15, his team the under 17 s, they are, they have to start working in the gym now and they have to be on this diet, and my brother′s friend plays for Munster and they have to be on this proper diet like they can’t eat chocolate bars [26].	Sport practice
	Like if you were kind of fat they wouldn′t really like talk to you. They′d leave you out of all the games and say picking teams for a match you′d always be the last picked just because you′re fat and you weren′t sporty [28].	Not to be sporty
	Exercise as a natural part of life. Exercise as joyful and health-promoting [24].	Healthy exercise