Table 2.

Five-dimensional framework to address wicked problems.

Dimension	Description
Biophysical (measurements)	The biological and physical environment in which an issue is set. Arrived at by observations, measurements, and formal reports.
Socioeconomic (stories)	The social environment, including cultural rules and the socioeconomic systems (a prevailing emphasis in Western culture). Arrived at through reflecting on a cultural framework and/or a personal commitment to a way of life or a religion.
Ethical (principles)	The principles governing relationships between individuals and society and between individuals and the environment.
Artistic/Aesthetic (patterns)	Sensitivity to the patterns in natural and in social systems, arising from the capacity for inspiration within each human being. Arrived at by both expressing and rebelling against cultural norms.
Sympathetic/Empathetic (feelings)	Recognizing a shared understanding with another human being or group. Arrived at through feelings of openness, trust, and shared experience.

Note: After Brown, Lambert & Harris [19] (p. 34–37).