| CoVs | Coronaviruses |
| SARS-CoV | Severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus |
| MERS-CoV | Middle East respiratory syndrome—coronavirus |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| URTI | Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract |
| AMP | Antimicrobial peptides |
| HNP1 | Human alpha-defensin 1 |
| HBD2 | Human beta-defensin 2 |
| HBD3 | Human beta-defensin 3 |
| HSV-1 | Herpes virus simplex type I |
| HSV-2 | Herpes virus simplex type II |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| AHSG | Human α-2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein |
| IL-17 | Interleukin-17 |
| NF-kB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IL-8 | Interleukin-8 |
| IL–21 | Interleukin-21 |
| IL–10 | Interleukin-10 |
| TNF–α | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha |
| TNF–β | Tumor necrosis factor-beta |
| ARDS | Acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| ACE2 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| TMPRSS2 | Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 |
| ACE1 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 |
| TLR7/8 | Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 |